Changes from circa 1800 to 1820 to 1840

Issue	Pre-1800	Circa 1800	Circa 1820	Circa 1840
Revolution	1776 - Shays’s - Whiskey	Latin America but Haiti	Monroe Doctrine	--
Protection of slavery and slave trade	Constitution – but the Constitution can be amended	End of slave Trade	Northern population and representatives higher	>>>>>
End of slavery	1776 + black hopes; N states abolishing (PA)	Gabriel (VA)	D. Vesey (SC); D. Walker (North); N. Turner (VA)	Discussed only in N>>>
“ and Land	1783 to Miss. River; NW Ordinances	LA. Purchase (Land = Nationalism)	Missouri (Land + slavery = Sectionalism)	>>>>> >>> This ‘isms continue
“ “ “ and Voting	3/5s Compromise	Territories becoming states	No more S. Senators and Reps. from LA. Purchase	FYI: the South looks for other ways to expand
	Colonies more than England	West more than East	Universal white male suffrage	>>>>>
Campaigning	Federalist blunders and grassroots campaigning - Revolution of 1800	Grassroots continues & Era of Good Feelings	Brief rise of economic nationalism John Quincy Adams, but “corrupt bargain”	--
Selection	Caucus	Caucus	Conventions and spoils system (constant campaign)	>>>>>
Military heroes	1776-1783	Barbary & War of 1812 (Hero: A. Jackson)	Jackson—military hero and candidate	>>>>> (Why military heroes as candidates?)
Indians N	West of Appalachians	West of Miss. River (Hero: W.H. Harrison) + War of 1812	--	Harrison as military candidate
Indians S	“ “ “	Civilized Tribes	1830s – West of Miss. River	--
Supreme Court review	Established but weak	Marshall – judicial review^#	1830s – Congress and Jackson want them gone^@	--
“ “ power	“ “ “	Cases pro-national power, pro-corporations	Central until Marshall’s death	Corporation protections continue >>>>>
Hamilton’s national bank	Chartered by New Republic for 20 years	Renewed for 20 years	Destroyed by Jackson and Congress (NE still favors)	--
Hamilton’s protective tariff	Rejected initially	Rejected, but put in place for textiles in 1816	Threatened secession over by South Carolina & Jackson and Congress stop it	>>>>>
Nullification or secession threat	Nullification over Alien and Sedition Acts – freedom of speech/press	Secession threat over War of 1812 (NE)	Both over a tariff (Tariff of Abominations)	>>>>>
Economy – NE	Old land – farmers as surplus labor	Textile factories – Raw cotton from S	Continues with more factories; farming for cities	>>>>>
Economy - NW	New lands (4 X productivity of old land)	Sold to NE and world	Continues; use farming technology, not slavery	>>>>>
Economy – SE (upper)	Old land – slaves surplus labor but cotton gin	Begins SE slaves sold to SW	Continues SE slaves sold to SW and Texas	>>>>>
Economy – SW (deep)	--	New global market crop Cotton – Sold to N	Cotton – Sold to N and Britain	>>>>>
Transportation N	Rivers and Ports	Rivers and roads - turnpikes	Canals NW-NE; New York City to the world	NW – NE becoming 1
Transportation S	Rivers	Rivers	Steamboats on Miss. River Steamships to Liverpool	SW – SE becoming 1 (with Britain)

# If you order someone NOT to do something they don’t want to do, you haven’t proved anything about your power.
^@If you order someone to do something they don’t want to do, then we know your (lack of) power.

Who Were the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court:

1. 1800-1835 - Chief Justice John Marshall, the Chief Justice appointed by the last Federalist President, John Adams in 1800 during the lame duck period
More power to the national government, to the Supreme Court, and to corporations and contracts

1. Two cases

· Marbury v. Madison established judicial review (in part because the executive branch was ordered to do what it planned to do anyway)

· How review by the court was handled by the executive regarding the Cherokee: “Two Supreme Court decisions in favor of the Cherokees, in 1830 and 1832, Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia, proved to be without effect, since they depended on the federal government to implement them and Jackson had no intention of doing anything of the sort.”

2. 1835-1864 - Chief Justice Roger Taney, the jurist with a different view from Marshall who was appointed by Andrew Jackson at Marshall’s death.

What Are the Shifts in Who Votes (Suffrage), How Candidates Are Chosen, and How Campaigning Works

Your textbook covers several shifts in suffrage (voting) and in politics:

1. The evolution from property requirements to vote to white universal manhood suffrage about 1828.

2. The shift in how candidates were chosen:

o From about 1800 to the 1820s, candidates were chosen by a caucus (a talk within a group) of political party members who had been elected to office (as in member of the House of Representatives or a Senator). At that time, Being Secretary of State was considered necessary preparation to run for President because of its responsibilities for foreign policy.

o The Jacksonian period brought a rejection of what they called “King Caucus” (with King being a dirty word because of its association with King George III). The political party convention replaced it—at that time a very volatile meeting of delegates who choose the candidate for President.

3. The Jacksonian era use of the “spoils system” meant that federal workers chosen by their political party did campaigning for their party as part of their jobs on the federal payroll.

Other things are going on as well to alter voting that your book does not cover. Examples:

§ States determine who votes. The NEW western states offered:

o Not only more opportunities for men to get land (with property being traditionally a voter requirement)

o But also more liberal voting rules in hopes of getting settlers.

§ By the Jacksonian era, citizens in the eastern states began to demand the same voting opportunities as those in the west.

§ State laws change, and voters (not the state legislatures) are deciding the electoral college results.

WCJC Department:	History – Dr. Bibus
Contact Information:	281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu
Last Updated:	2014
WCJC Home:	http://www.wcjc.edu/