Issue |
Pre-1800 |
Circa 1800 |
Circa 1820 |
Circa 1840 |
Economy – NE |
Old lands – farmers as surplus labor |
Textile factories – Raw cotton from S |
Continues with more factories; farming for cities In the future, Irish |
>>>>> |
Economy - NW |
New lands (4 X productivity of old land) |
Sold to NE & world |
Continues; use farming technology, not slavery In the future, German |
>>>>> |
Economy – SE (upper) |
Old land – slaves surplus labor but cotton gin revives slavery |
Begins SE slaves sold to SW - forced migration |
Continues SE slaves sold to SW & Texas - forced migration |
>>>>> |
Economy – SW (deep) |
-- |
New land & global market crop |
Cotton – Sold to N & Britain |
>>>>> |
Transportation N & internal improvements! |
Rivers & Ports |
Rivers & roads - turnpikes |
Canals NW-NE; New York City to the world |
NW – NE becoming 1 |
Transportation S |
Rivers |
Rivers |
Steamboats on Miss. River Steamships to Liverpool |
SW – SE becoming 1 (with Britain) |
Revolution |
1776 - Shays’s - Whiskey |
Latin America but Haiti |
Monroe Doctrine |
-- |
Protection of slavery and slave trade |
Constitution protects slavery– but the Constitution can be amended |
End of slave trade |
Northern population and representatives higher |
>>>>> |
End of slavery |
1776 + black hopes; N states abolishing (PA) |
Gabriel (VA)[1] Colonization developing[2] |
Slave insurrections [3] In North, abolition developing[4] |
Discussed only in N>>> |
BUT Slavery and Land |
1783 to Miss. River; NW Ordinances |
LA. Purchase (Land = Nationalism) |
Missouri (Land + slavery = Sectionalism) |
>>>>> >>> This ‘isms continue |
Voting and Slavery |
3/5s Compromise |
Territories becoming states |
No more S. Senators and Reps. from LA. Purchase |
FYI: the South looks for other ways to expand |
Voting and more voters |
Colonies more than England |
West more than East |
Universal white male suffrage |
>>>>> |
Campaigning |
Federalist blunders and grassroots campaigning - Revolution of 1800 |
Grassroots continues & Era of Good Feelings |
Brief rise and fall of economic nationalism,! John Quincy Adams, but “corrupt bargain” |
-- |
Selection of candidates |
Caucus |
Caucus |
Conventions & spoils system (so constant campaign) |
>>>>> |
Military heroes |
1776-1783 |
Barbary & War of 1812 (Hero: A. Jackson) |
Jackson—military hero & candidate Democrats |
>>>>> (Why military heroes as candidates?) |
Indians N |
West of Appalachians |
West of Miss. River (Hero: W.H. Harrison) + War of 1812 |
-- |
Harrison as military hero candidate for Whig Party (against “King Andrew”) |
Indians S |
“ “ “ |
Civilized Tribes |
1830s – West of Miss. River |
-- |
Supreme Court review |
Established but weak |
Marshall – judicial review# |
1830s – Congress & Jackson want them gone@ |
-- |
“ “ power |
“ “ “ |
Cases pro-national power, pro-corporations |
Central until Marshall’s death |
Corporation protections continue >>>>> |
Hamilton’s national bank! |
Chartered by New Republic for 20 years |
Renewed for 20 years, but blamed for Panic of 1819 (War of 1812 +/- led to false markets.) |
Destroyed by Jackson & Congress (NE still favors)-but 1 cause of Panic of 1837 |
Panic starts in the next President’s term (Van Buren); depression continues 6+ years. |
Hamilton’s protective tariff! |
Rejected initially |
Rejected, but put in place for textiles in 1816 |
Threatened secession over Tariff of Abominations by South Carolina; |
>>>>> |
Nullification or secession threat |
Nullification over Alien & Sedition Acts – freedom of speech/press |
Secession threat over War of 1812 (NE) |
Nullification of tariff (but hope as method to protect slavery); Jackson & Congress stop secession |
>>>>> |
! 3 parts of economic nationalism – identified with John Quincy Adams, the National Republicans, and later some Whigs
# If you order someone NOT to
do something they don’t want to do, you haven’t proved anything about your
power.
@ If you order
someone to do something they don’t want to do, then we know your (lack of)
power.
Who Were the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court?
1.
1800-1835 - Chief
Justice John Marshall, the Chief Justice appointed by the last
Federalist President, John Adams in 1800 during the lame duck period Two cases ·
Marbury v. Madison established judicial
review (in part because the executive branch was ordered to do what it
planned to do anyway) ·
How review by the court was handled by the executive regarding the
Cherokee: There are 2 Supreme Court
decisions in favor of the Cherokees, in 1830 and 1832, Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia. They do not have a consequence, however,
because the executive branch ignores them. 2. 1835-1864 - Chief Justice Roger Taney, the jurist with a different view from Marshall who was appointed by Andrew Jackson at Marshall’s death. |
What Are the Shifts in Who Votes (Suffrage), How Candidates Are Chosen, and How Campaigning WorksYour textbook covers several shifts in suffrage
(voting) and in politics: 1.
The evolution from property requirements to vote to
white universal manhood suffrage about 1828. 2.
The shift in how candidates were chosen: o
From about 1800 to the 1820s, candidates were
chosen by a caucus (a talk within a group) of political party members who had
been elected to office (as in member of the House of Representatives or a
Senator). At that time, Being Secretary of State was considered necessary
preparation to run for President because of its responsibilities for foreign
policy. o
The Jacksonian period brought a rejection of what
they called “King Caucus” (with King being a dirty word because of its
association with King George III). The political party convention replaced
it—at that time a very volatile meeting of delegates who choose the candidate
for President. 3.
The Jacksonian era use of the “spoils system”
meant that federal workers chosen by their political party did campaigning
for their party as part of their jobs on the federal payroll. Other things are
going on as well to alter voting that your book does not cover. Examples: § States determine
who votes. The NEW western states offered: o
Not only more opportunities for men to get land
(with property being traditionally a voter requirement) o
But also more liberal voting rules in hopes of
getting settlers. § By the Jacksonian
era, citizens in the eastern
states began to demand the same voting opportunities as those in the west. § State laws
change, and voters (not the state legislatures) are deciding the Electoral
College results. |
Copyright C. J. Bibus, Ed.D. 2003-2016 |
WCJC Department: |
History – Dr. Bibus |
Contact Information: |
281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu |
Last Updated: |
2017 |
WCJC Home: |
[1] 1800, Gabriel, slave, blacksmith, VA, est. 1000 slaves. Expected support from poor whites. Whites warned. 26 hanged. (p. 368)
[2] 1816 American Colonization Society to send “free blacks back to Africa.” 1822 1st to Liberia in Africa
[3] Slave insurrections:
·
1811, Charles Deslondes,
“trusted slave overseer,” LA
Territory, est. 200 slaves. Killed
whites.
Response: Army, militia, civilians. “As many as 100 slaves were tortured,
killed, and beheaded.” (p. 368-369).
· 1822, Denmark Vesey, free black, Charleston, South Carolina. Plan was to kill whites and to flee to Haiti. Response: 34 executed. (p. 369-370)
·
1831, Nat Turner, “trusted black overseer” and preacher, Southampton, VA, est. Killed
57 whites.
Response: “indiscriminately killed
hundreds of slaves.” 17 slaves hanged, some decapitated. Laws change in the
South
[4] Aboltionists developing, including:
· 1829 David Walker, African American clothing store owner, MA, David Walker’s Appeal
· 1831+ William Lloyd Garrison, white newspaper editor, The Liberator, MA, American Anti-Slavery Society
· 1845+ Frederick Douglass, escaped slave, writer, lecturer in England, newspaper editor, The North Star