------------------------------------------------- 5. Free Soil movement (West and North),
political party 6. “manifest destiny” 7. 1844 Election, James Knox Polk, on Texas
and Oregon 8. 1846 Mexican War, Texas/Mexico boundary
dispute 9. 1848 Mexican War, territory gained and not
gained 10. 1849 California Gold Rush; 1850 free state
admission 11. Compromise of 1850 – its parts 12. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin 13. 1850s – American Party (Know Nothing) -
nativism 14. 1853 Gadsden Purchase--South’s desired
railroad route 15. Popular sovereignty (dangers of) and the
Kansas Nebraska Act--North’s desired railroad route 16. “Bleeding Kansas” (majority of Kansans
pro-free-state) 17. John Brown in Kansas 18. Preston Brooks’ attack on Senator Charles
Sumner 19. Rise of Republican Party, Abraham Lincoln,
a moderate 20. John Brown at Harper’s Ferry 21. Lincoln’s view on slavery in
Lincoln-Douglas Debates, in 1st Inaugural Address, and when the
South 1st seceded 22. Secession crisis: South Carolina firing on
Fort Sumter before Lincoln takes office); Southern jubilation 23. Confederacy (traits of government), Jefferson Davis |
Reminders:
§
Slave
states = Have only the Senate to protect slavery + two pro-slavery Presidents
in 1852 (Franklin Pierce) and 1856 (James Buchanan)
§
Democrat
and Whig Parties contained PRO and ANTI slavery advocates (Unlike the
Republican Party, they were both national parties, not sectional ones.)
Colors
Associated with the Union and the Confederacy
§
Blue – the Union – the 23
states of the North (with that 23 total including 4 slave-holding border states)
§
Gray – the Confederacy – the 11 states of the
South
Symbols
in the 1st two columns:
>
= push by ANTI-Slavery < = push by PRO-Slavery
|
F> (future
possibility for ANTI-slavery <F
(future
possibility for PRO-slavery) |
P> (perceived threat to ANTI-slavery) – perceived = to regard something as <P (perceived threat to PRO-slavery) |
If
you would prefer a printable 2-page table, click here.
Link Address: http://www.cjbibus.com/1830-1860_Perceptions_and_Realities_Landscape.pdf
ANTI Slavery |
PRO Slavery |
Date |
Event or Trend |
Perceptions and Realities¾View from
the North and South and from PRO Slavery and ANTI Slavery Factions |
- |
-
|
1820s |
Republic
of Mexico |
Mexico independent from Spain with
northern provinces (today from TX to
CA) |
- |
-
|
1832 |
- |
Election:
Andrew Jackson# (Democrat) |
|
<
|
1836-05 |
TX Independence from Mexico/Lone Star Rep. |
Why
did it remain the Lone Star Republic? How many potential slave states, each
with 2 pro-slavery Senators? What was Mexico’s position? |
- |
-
|
1836 |
- |
Election:
Martin Van Buren (Democrat) |
? |
?
|
1840s |
“Manifest destiny” |
What is it? What is “allocated by
Providence”? Who coined the term? John L. O’Sullivan How moved west? Overland Trails (OR, CA)
+ Plains Indians/buffalo Where are the future targets? Canada, Cuba,
Hawaii, Mexico |
- |
-
|
1840 |
- |
Election:
William Henry Harrison# (Whig; later dies, John Tyler V.P.) |
- |
-
|
1841 |
Creole |
Slave
rebellion during transport from VA to LA; then to Bahamas and Br. free them |
|
|
1842 |
Webster-Ashburton
Treaty |
US/Br.
patrols of African coast to stop the slave trade (also NE boundary with Canada) |
> |
<
|
1844-12 |
- |
Election:
James K. Polk
(Democrat) OR 54° 40’ or fight (>);
TX annexation (< ) |
|
<
|
1845-02
28 |
TX,
a state |
Why Tyler? (lame duck +) Method to pass? |
- |
-
|
1845-03
04 |
- |
Polk inaugural |
- |
-
|
1846-05 |
Mexican War starts |
Rio
Grande vs. Nueces (TX)-Gen. Zackary Taylor - Santa Fe (NM)/Bear Flag Republic(CA) |
- |
-
|
1846-06 |
OR
dispute resolved |
US/Br.
negotiations – OR northern boundary remains 49° |
> |
|
1846-08 |
Wilmot Proviso (condition) |
No slavery in
territory taken from Mexico – Wilmot (Democrat, North) - sectional vote |
|
<F - IF
|
1848-02 |
Mexican
War ends |
US paid Mexico: $15M + $3M in
claims by US citizens. US got: AZ, CA, NV, and UT. US got:
US-Mexico border at Rio Grande. <F = If Missouri Compromise continues and if 36° 30’ continues |
- |
-
|
1848-12 |
- |
Election:
Zachary Taylor# (Whig;
later dies, Millard Fillmore V.P.) vs.
Democrat (popular
sovereignty) vs. Free
Soil& |
|
|
1849 |
California |
Forty-niners (a lot of
them); territorial convention decides a
free state |
|
|
1850-02
to 09 |
Compromise of 1850 |
Major
player: Stephen Douglass (IL, Democrat, Senator) - Legislation in this package: |
> |
|
|
|
·
California as a
free state |
> |
|
|
|
·
No slave trade in the District of Columbia |
|
<
|
|
|
·
NM (TX gets
$10M, debt problem) and UT territories by popular sovereignty |
|
<
|
|
|
·
More powerful
Fugitive Slave Law
– Required
return/punished those helping them |
P> |
|
1852 |
Uncle Tom’s Cabin |
Author?
Harriet Beecher Stowe Why matter? 300,000 US copies |
- |
-
|
1852-12 |
- |
Election:
Franklin Pierce (Democrat) vs. Winfield Scott# (Whig) |
|
<F
|
1853 |
Gadsden
Purchase |
US paid Mexico: $15M. Why the purchase? |
|
<P
|
1854-01
– 05 |
Kansas-Nebraska Act |
Major player: Stephen Douglass Why the legislation? ____________________ Repeal Missouri Compromise + Kansas &
Nebraska territories by popular
sovereignty |
|
|
1854-01 |
Revolt
of factions starts Revolt
results |
Foundation of Republican Party = ·
Anti-slavery Northern
Democrats ·
Anti-slavery Northern Whigs
– a shift in Whigs such as Abraham
Lincoln ·
Free Soilers - No
slavery in the territories ·
Nativist party (a.k.a. Know
Nothings—write in candidates and win regionally) |
> |
<
|
1855-1856 |
“Bleeding Kansas” – This is not a
dramatic term. There is bloodshed. |
What
are the unintended consequences of the principle of popular sovereignty? Multiple
attacks from both directions resulting in a civil war over slavery: §
1st weak and 2nd
PRO Slavery territorial governor §
PRO Slavery legislature -
fraud/violence by about 5K Missourians (border
ruffians) §
ANTI Slavery center at
Lawrence, Kansas; counter constitution §
PRO Slavery sack of Lawrence—burned
hotel, attacked homes, burned newspapers §
ANTI Slavery attack by
John Brown’s group¾killed 5 PRO Slavery people, mutilated bodies displayed – Pottawatomie Massacre |
> |
|
1856 |
Events
in Senate chamber |
Preston Brooks? Charles Sumner? – Leads more
Northerners to Republican Party |
- |
- |
1856-12 |
|
Election:
James Buchanan (Democrat) |
|
< |
1857-03 |
Dred Scott case |
Ruling by Supreme Court (Roger Taney Court):- 2
key points: Slaves are not citizens and cannot sue. Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional
violation of due process by
Congress. |
|
< |
1857-10
-12 |
Fraud
in another Kansas election |
Majority of Kansans were free-state. What does Douglas do? (Kansas not admitted until 1861, after secession) |
- |
- |
1858 |
7
Lincoln-Douglas debates |
Senate contest in Illinois: § Abraham Lincoln – Moderate: not abolitionism, slavery remains but
no expansion §
Stephen Douglas |
P> |
|
1859 |
Raid
at Harpers Ferry, VA |
Who
does it? What’s at Harpers Ferry? What’s
the objective? |
P> |
|
1860-11 |
Election |
Election:
Abraham Lincoln , Republican (highest popular vote but only 39%; 180 electoral votes to 123, all 18
free states) – 3-way split of the
Democratic Party (North, South, and Constitutional Union) |
|
< |
1860-11,
12 |
Secession
crisis |
Secession
- South Carolina 1st (Federal fort, Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbor) |
|
|
|
|
Buchanan – unarmed ship, supplies to Fort Sumter
in Charleston harbor |
|
< |
1861-02 |
Another
election |
Who
is elected? Jefferson
Davis%, President; Alexander Stephens%,
Vice-President What’s
their Constitution? Confederacy - 6
more secede (AL, FL, GA, LA, MS TX) |
|
|
1861-03 |
Lincoln
inaugural address |
Slavery remains where it exists, but
he will “hold, occupy, and possess” federal property% |
|
< |
1861-04 |
Fort
Sumter |
Before supplies can reach Fort Sumter, 1st shots fired by South Carolina. How does
that look? After Fort Sumter: 11 total (VA, AR, TN, and NC). Slave-holding states not seceding from the Union: §
In the South, western Virginia (separate state of
West Virginia in 1863) §
In the North, Delaware, Missouri, Maryland, and Kentucky (Why important
in Lesson 3.) |
# Military hero &Replaces
earlier Liberty Party. Spoiler party. Slogan: “Free soil, free speech, free
labor, and free men.”
Abbreviations
for states:
§
AL
= Alabama
§
CA
= California
§
CO
= Colorado
§
FL
= Florida
§
GA
= Georgia
§
KS
= Kansas
§
MO
= Missouri
§
MS
= Mississippi
§
NE
= Nebraska
§
NM
= New Mexico
§
OR
= Oregon
§
TX
= Texas
§
UT
= UT
Copyright C. J.
Bibus, Ed.D. 2004-2021 |
WCJC
Department: |
History
– Dr. Bibus |
Contact
Information: |
281.239.1577
or bibusc@wcjc.edu
|
Last
Updated: |
2021 |
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