Concepts for Unit 1

Reminder: there are definitions at the bottom of the searchable Constitution provided in your course.

Types of Labor:

· Artisan or craftsman

· Skilled labor

· Unskilled laborer

Worker organizations:

· Industrial union

· Trade unions

· Federation of trade unions

Housing and labor

· tenement

Types of payment to labor:

· Wages

· Contract work

· Piecework

Methods used by business during a Panic (Modern Term – Depression)

· Layoffs

· Wage reductions

Basic business terms:

· Capital

· Labor

· Machinery

· Company towns

Company town and labor:

1. Jobs from the company

2. Rent to the company

3. Purchases from the company stores

Methods used by labor to try to increase pay and safety (notice death rates)

· Unionization

· Boycott

· Strike

Methods used by business if a strike:

· Strikebreaker

· Lockout

· Pinkertons

Methods used for business:

· Injunction

· Federal troops

· State militia

· Police

Patterns for Treatment of Labor in the Gilded Age

Government - state:

· Governor (executive branch)

· Departments (executive branch) – such as the attorney general

· Assembly or legislature (legislative branch)

· Judiciary/courts

state courts (judiciary branch)

Government – National/federal:

· President (executive branch)

· Departments (executive branch) – such as the attorney general

· Congress (legislative branch)
- House of Representatives
- Senate

· Judiciary/courts (judiciary branch)

o Supreme Court and the Constitution

o Federal courts

Commission – new form, both executive and legislative

Constitution and the Bill of Rights:

· assemble “peaceably,” freedom to

· speech, freedom of

· the press, freedom of

· petition, freedom of

· jury, trial by

Types/parts of legal documents:

· amendment

· article

· Bill of Rights

· code

· Constitution

· law

Economic terms still used:

· Legal devices from state government for incorporation and limited liability

· Monopoly

· Legal devices from government for monopoly

o Holding company

o Trust

· Capital

· Capitalism

o Industrial

o Financial

Economic terms prior to 1900:

· Panic (current word is Depression)

Tensions, trends, and public fears and violence:

· Anarchism

· Socialism

· Violence

· Lynching

· Rioting

· Anarchist – bombs

· Assassination

· Nativism, nativist

· Immigrants

· Racism

Economic terms on monetary policy and debtors/creditors:

· “sound” money – Gold Standard

· debtor/creditor differences on monetary policy

· debt

o Lien

o In South – crop-lien

o In Plains – mortgage

Immigrant groups

· Roman Catholic

· Protestants, varied

· Jews

· Immigrants from South and South eastern Europe and from Russia

Economic terms on taxes and tariffs and regional differences

· Tax

· Tariff, different purposes

o Revenue

o Protective

· Regional and trade difference in response to protective tariff

Constitution and the Bill of Rights:

· assemble “peaceably,” freedom to

· speech, freedom of

· the press, freedom of

· petition, freedom of

· jury, trial by

Types/parts of legal documents:

· amendment

· article

· bill of rights

· code

· Constitution

· law

Constitution and state laws on voting:

· Vote for representatives - who decides qualifications to vote (unless the qualification is in the Constitution or its amendments)

· Vote by representatives in a legislature to determine laws (including taxes) – what decides how many Representatives or Senators?

· Vote by electors in the electoral college

· 15^th amendment

· Poll tax

· Grandfather clause

· residency

Constitution and state laws and the individual:

· 13^th Amendment

· “due process” clause in 5th amendment

· “due process” clause in 14th amendment

· 14^th Amendment

· Public accommodations

· Segregation, legal and the Supreme Court

WCJC Department:	History – Dr. Bibus
Contact Information:	281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu
Last Updated:	2016
WCJC Home:	http://www.wcjc.edu/