Concepts for Unit 3 (Some continue from Unit 1 and Unit 2.)

Types of Labor:

·         Artisan, craftsman, or tradesman

·         *Skilled labor

·         *Unskilled labor

 

Worker organizations:

·         Industrial union

·         Trade unions

·         Federation of trade unions

·         Congress of industrial unions

 

Types of payment to labor:

·         Wages

·         Contract work

·         Piecework

 

Methods used by business during depressions[1]

·         *Layoffs (The word *fired is different.)

·         Wage reductions

 

Housing and labor

·         tenement

Basic business terms:

·         *monopoly

 

·         Incorporation

·         Limited liability

 

·         Capital

·         Labor

·         Machinery

·         *globalization

Methods used by labor to try to increase pay and safety (notice death rates)

·         *Unionization  - union recognition[2]

·         Boycott

·         Strike

·         Sit-down strike

 

1950s+ application to segregation :

·         *Boycott

·         *Sit-in

Methods used by business if a strike:

·         Strikebreakers

·         Arsenal

 

 

Methods used for business:

·         Injunction

Method used for labor:

·         Fair Labor Standards Act – *minimum wage/maximum hours (Note: professional labor is exempt from this Act because they supervise themselves and are paid more but work until the job is done.)

·         National Labor Relations Act

Government - state:

·         *Governor (executive branch)

·         Departments (executive branch) – such as the attorney general

·         Assembly or legislature (legislative branch)

·         State courts (judiciary branch)

 

Government – National/federal:

·         *President (executive branch)

·         *Departments (executive branch) – such as the attorney general

·         Congress (legislative branch)
-
*House of Representatives
-
*Senate

·         Judiciary/courts (judiciary branch)

o    *Supreme Court and the Constitution

o    Federal courts

 

·         Federalism

Constitution and the Bill of Rights:

·         *assemble “peaceably,” freedom to

·         *speech, freedom of

·         *the press, freedom of

·         petition, freedom of

·         jury, trial by

·         *march on Washington

·         *civil disobedience –also read page 389 on Thoreau and 1019 on M.L. King

 

Types/parts of legal documents:

·         amendment

·         article

·         *Bill of Rights

·         code

·         *Constitution

·         law

Governments – International:

·         League of Nations

·         *United Nations

 

With a new nation, *diplomatic recognition

 

With other nations:

·         Treaty

·         *Covert operations – See examples[3]

Change in executive branch:

·         *commission (FYI: 1st used with Interstate commerce)

·         ICC, FDA

·         SEC, AAA, FDIC, TVA

·         EPA (Nixon)

 

Note: there have also been new *departments created such as Health, Education and Welfare created in 1953 (with Education now separate).

Constitution and civil rights:

·         *“due process” (FYI: it is in the 5th and 14th amendment)

·         *Segregation

·         *Desegregation

·         *Integration

Constitution and voting:

·         *15th amendment – not limited by race (but by gender)

·         *19th amendment – women (1920)

·         *Poll tax –24th amendment forbids it (1964)

·         *26th amendment – 18-year olds (1971)

Movements about Government:

·         Anarchism

·         *Socialism

·         *Capitalism

·         *Communism

·         *Fascism

 

·         *Assassination

Movements, force, and violence:

·         *Nativism, nativist

·         Immigrants

 

·         *Rioting

 

·         *Deportation

 

Movements, force, and violence:

·         *Racism

 

·         Lynching

·         *Rioting

·         Internment camp

·         Concentration camp

Actions by Governments:

·         Annexation

·         *Declaration of war

·         Invasion

·         Surprise attack

Governmental types

·         Empire

·         *Republic

·         Constitutional Monarchy

·         Monarchy

·         Dictatorship

Weapons (notice time order):

·         Battleship

·         Submarine - Poison gas - Flame thrower - Tank

·         Firebomb and racism

·         *Atomic bomb

Economic developments:

·         Trust

·         “sound” money or Gold Standard

·         *Consumerism

·         *Bank, run on

·         *Stock market crash

Types of debt by farmers:

·         lien (South, crop-lien)

·         mortgage (Great Plains)

·         foreclosure

 

Types of debt by consumers:

·         Layaway

·         *Credit cards (in 1950s)/credit buying

Widespread use of inventions

·         Railroad

·         Trolley

·         Subway

·         Automobile

·         Telephone

Economic terms on taxes/tariffs:

·         *Tax, excise—including sales taxes

·         *Tax, income – 16th Amendment

·         *Tariff

·         Protective tariff

Regions:

·         *Middle East or Mid East

·         *Far East

·         *Europe

·         *Latin America

·         *North America

·         *Central America

·         *South America

1920s+ widespread use of:

·         Phonograph

·         Radio–CBS, NBC, later ABC

·         Movie and news reels

 

1950s *Television-initially CBS, NBC, ABC; 1980s cable—and reporting on racism

 

Sports (overlap with lists above):

·         Baseball

·         Basketball

·         Football

 Cohort issues[4] and laws with a chart below:

·         *Baby boomers (51-69 in 2015—earliest born in 1946)

·         *Gen X (35-50 in 2015—earliest born in 1965)

·         *Millennials (18-34 in 2015—earliest born in 1981)

 

Laws related primarily to age (over 65 or a child) or disability:

·         *Social Security

·         *Medicare

 

Laws related to other issues:

·         *GI Bill/Veterans benefits

·         *Medicaid (poverty)

 

 

Cohort information and changes in our national debt

 As far as domestic issues go in the period from 1950 to 2000, you don’t have to memorize. You can understand a lot by the age of the baby boomer—entertainment, whether they are having kids, getting out of college, looking for a job, considering retirement or a second career.  The numbers on the national debt in each of the years are from the prior textbook, Ayers American Passages.

Issue

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s  

1990s

2000-2008

2008-2016

National Debt

Deficit 5 of 8 years

1968 -$25 B – largest since WWII

$74 B – end of Nixon and Carter

1971-wage freeze; off gold standard

    5              5

$186B         $156B

 

For the 1990s, see table below.

[5]

 

President

1952-1956, 1956-1960 Dwight D. Eisenhower

1960-1963 John F. Kennedy

1963-1964, 1964-1968 L.B. Johnson

1968-1972, 1972-08/1974 R.M. Nixon; 08/1974-1976 Gerald Ford;
1976-1980 Jimmy Carter-stagflation

1980-1984, 1984-1988 Ronald Reagan –lowers taxes in “supply side” theory[6]

 

1988-1992 George H. Bush

1990-1992 – George H. Bush

 

1992-1996, 1996-2000 William Clinton

2000-2004, 2004-2008 George W. Bush

2008-2012, 2012-2016 – Barack Obama

If born in 1945

a Baby Boomer is 5 years of age in 1950

15 years of age in 1960

25 years of age in 1970

35 years of age in 1980

45 years of age in 1990

55 years of age in 2000

65 years of age in 2010

If born in 1965

 

a Gen Xer  is 5 years of age in 1960

15 years of age in 1970

25 years of age in 1980

35 years of age in 1990

45 years of age in 2000

55 years of age in 2010

If born in 1981

 

 

 

a Millennial is 5 years of age in 1986

15 years of age in 1996

25 years of age in 2006

35 years of age in 2016

                                                                                                                                                                                                Details about the 1990-1997

$222B 

$297B 

$255B 

$203B 

$25B

1990 

1992 

1993 

1994

1997 

 

 

Copyright C. J. Bibus, Ed.D. 2003-2016

WCJC Department:

History – Dr. Bibus

 

Contact Information:

281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu

 

Last Updated:

2016

 

WCJC Home:

http://www.wcjc.edu/

 

 



[1] Depressions prior to 1900 were called Panics.

[2] Still done by election by the National Labor Relations Board—established by the National Labor Relations Act

[3] Examples of CIA covert (secret from whom?) operations in Iran (1953, p. 992) and how it blew up in 1979 (p. 1098), Guatemala (1954, p. 993), in Cuba (1961, January, p. 1000).

[4] The age ranges for these cohorts are from this article from Pew Research: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/25/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers/

[5] The national debt is not specified in the section on the Bush term of 2000-2008, when the TARP crisis occurred. The general statement made about 2000-2008 is that George W. Bush “pushed through Congress a series of tax cuts, that, the White House said, were designed to assist the struggling economy. The budget surplus of the 1990s soon disappeared as a brief recession followed the end of the dot-com bubble. Record debt became one continuing legacy of the Bush era.” (page 872).

[6] See pages 1104-1106.