Seeing the Revolution through 1776 with Key Terms in Yellow (Yellow also for facts that make Key Terms understandable.) --
The 4s and 3s in the beige rows (or blue if a 2nd event) show who started an event and the 5s show the consequences.

	Indians	French Colonies		Spanish Colonies		British Colonies	British Kings	British Government	British Regulation	Colonial Governments	Religion	Interests - North	Interests - South	Land Hunger		The Press			Other	Intercolonial Communication
> >	Woodland Indians, Iroquois Confederation and a balance of power	Rivers, feudal land-holding, centralized government, intermingling with Indians		Florida as a buffer to English in Georgia		Atlantic, not feudal land-holding, de-centralized government, separate from Indians	1600–1689 alternating pro-Catholic, pro-Protestant rulers and religious and political struggles	Rejection by the English (with the killing of a king) of the idea of divine right of kings	Navigation Acts of the 1600s and acts in the 1700s -mercantile[1] regulation, not revenue.	Colonies established as havens for different religions, and going their own way by English neglect.	Colonies sensitive to threats to their religions	Navigation Acts, benefiting the developing merchant class and its infra-structure	Navigation Acts, keeping out competing buyers	Among the many examples, Bacon’s Rebellion (1676).		Powerful colonial interest in news-papers				Communications are primarily colony to Britain, not colony to colony.
	…								4			5	5
							4			5	5
1 6 8 9 +								Declaration of Rights with Glorious Revolution. John Locke and views of the Enlightenment.		Response to the Glorious Revolution. Spread of the Enlightenment and its principles.
1 7 1 4							Succession by Hanovers (German), not acting like kings until George III.	Development of new form of government Cabinet government with a prime minister[2].		More colonies become royal, but colonial legislatures maintain control over “power of the purse” (to tax)
								Virtual representation[3].		Actual representation.
						Wars for empire (1689-1748), with colonial outbreaks.			British focus on these wars and the goals of empire	Perpetuation of the British letting the colonies go their own way.							Zenger case (1735)
						4			5	5
1 7 5 4		French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War)																		Albany Plan[4]
	Treaty of Paris bringing victory and problems to solve – and those Solutions will be ones from a British perspective worldwide. Problems include:
1 7 6 3	Problem: Indians to govern	Problems: French colonists and lands to govern. (doubles British territory).	Problem: Spanish Floridas to govern.		Problem: Increased British–colonist distrust.			Problem: Massive British debt (doubles the amount of national debt in 1754).
							George III tries to reestablish the power of the king.	New British Prime Minister -the king’s man - George Grenville
							4	5
1 7 6 3									Solution to Land and Indians: Proclamation Line of 1763.
	5								3 4			5	5	5
1 7 6 4									Solutions to Debt: Sugar Act.- change to a tax for revenue			Boycott[5] of British goods begins.								FYI: initially in Northern colonies, boycott spreads because it works so well.
									4			5
								5				3
1 7 6 5									Quartering Act
									Stamp Act- a traditional tax for revenue in England. Currency Act									Sons of Liberty – intimid-ation.		Stamp Act Congress – and boycott. – taxed by their own representatives
									4	5		5	5				5
								5										3		3
1 7 6 6								New British prime minister	Repeal the Declaratory Act.
								New British prime minister	Disbanding of New York assembly											Boycott agreements continue
									4	5		5	5
								5												3
1 7 6 7									Solution to Debt and the Protest: Townshend duties and their external taxes (at the port) but still for revenue …[6]											Boycott agreements continue
									4	5		5	5
								5												3
1 7 7 0								New British prime minister (Lord North)							Revere pamphlet				Boston Massacre[7]
															5				34	5
1 7 7 2																				Committees of Correspondence.
										5					5				5	3
									Tea Act											Broadened support for boycott.
								5	4			5	5							3
								5												3
																			Boston Tea Party
								5											3
1 7 7 4									Intolerable (Coercive) Acts[8]											Boycott intensifies.
									4	5		5	5							3
								5												3
									Solution to French lands and colonists: Quebec Act											September - 1st Continental Congress.
									4	5	5	5	5	5						5
1 7 7 5									Feb -Conciliatory Proposals.[9]
									4????											5???
																			April-Lexington and Concord	July - Olive Branch Petition[10]
																			34	3
1 7 7 6																			Jan -Thomas Paine – Common Sense –Blames the king	Jefferson/others. July – Declaration of Independence- blames the king; asserts rights of “life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness,” and claims powers that “Independent States may of right do.”
									5										34	3

How to Use This Study Tool: An Example

This example show how to use the arrows to think about interconnections: The first use shows an 4 under “Navigation Acts of the 1600s…” and then an 5 under both the “Interests – North” and “Interests - South” because both are changed by this policy.

Copyright C. J. Bibus, Ed.D. 2017

WCJC Department:	History – Dr. Bibus
Contact Information:	281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu
Last Updated:	2017
WCJC Home:	http://www.wcjc.edu/

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[1] Mercantile regulation is also called mercantilism. Under mercantilism, taxes were not intended to provide money to the government, but to regulate trade.

[2] This is new form of government that evolves because the new king from Germany neither spoke English nor was accustomed to English politics. The leader of the political party that won in Parliamentary elections became the leader of the executive branch. The person’s title was (and still is) prime minister. He (or she in this century) held office until his party lost the elections, and then the leader of the winning political party became the new prime minister.
That is why there are so many instances in the chronology of the words “New prime minister.”

[3] William Pitt, the highly successful prime minister during the Seven Years War, called Grenville’s view of virtual representation as “the most contemptable idea that ever entered into the head of a man.”

[4] For colony-wide dealing with the Indians, proposed by Benjamin Franklin but not approved by any colony.

[5] This uses the word boycott for the non-importation measures taken by the colonists; however, the word boycott was not coined until the 1880s. Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary states: “[after Charles C. Boycott., English estate manager in Ireland, against whom nonviolent coercive tactics were used in 1880.”

[6] The plan called for the revenue to fund governors—thus making them no longer dependent on colonial legislatures.

[7] Caution about the word massacre. It is the killing of innocents. Don’t assume.

[8] These are the Coercive Acts (to force)

· Boston Port Act – Closed port until Boston pays

· Quartering Act – Required local payment for quarters (places to stay, food, candles) for British soldiers

· Massachusetts Government Act –Government would not be elected by the local people, but appointed by the English government

· Town meetings (traditional local government in New England) required the governor’s consent.

[9] Lord North – end taxes if colony pays salary of own governor and pays for own defense

[10] An olive branch is a symbol of trying to make peace. - The George III’s response, however, was that the colonists were “open and avowed enemies.”