Events related to Hawaii and the Pacific Region (in Dark Grey), China (in Pink), and Latin America and Caribbean (in Light Grey)

Key events in politics and the economy remain but … = row or information removed.

Study Tool: Chronological Events of the 1887-1893 Era – With Keywords List to Help You

Date	Presidential Election/Event	Beyond America/ Foreign Policy	Government Institutions	US Land Expansion	US Economic Development	Issue/Organization Development	Political Party Development
1882			Chinese Exclusion Act – 10 year period
1887-02		Hawaii-US treaty renewed		…
1888-11	Benjamin Harrison v. Grover Cleveland	Secretary of State: James G. Blaine	…
1889-04		Latin America, counters with Pan-American Union[1]		Oklahoma Land Rush		Hull House – Jane Addams - settlement house	<Future
1890		Blaine – reciprocity tariff	Sherman Anti-Trust	Wounded Knee, South Dakota	McKinley Tariff	National American Woman Suffrage merger	<Future
1890		A.T. Mahan - The Influence of Sea Power on History	<Future	Census Bureau: end of frontier	<Future
					Sherman Silver Purchase Act
1892			Chinese – new 10 year extension
1892-01		Coup, Hawaii – Sanford B. Dole,[2] elected President; US minister to Hawaii declaration of US protectorate–	Ellis Island opens	<Future		Homer A. Plessy, case begins
1892-02		Hawaii annexation treaty proposed

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Study Tool: Chronological Events of the 1893-1901 Era – With Keywords to Help You

Date	Presidential Election/Event	Beyond America/ Foreign Policy	Government Institutions	US Land Expansion	US Economic Development	Issue/Organization Development	Political Party Development
1892-11	Benjamin Harrison v. Grover Cleveland v. James B. Weaver				Panic of 1893
1893-03		Hawaii investigation
1893-08	Cleveland calls special session -Why?		…
1893-11					Sherman Silver Purchase Act -repeal
1893-12		Hawaii annexation treaty not submitted
1894		Republic of Hawaii recognized				National Municipal League formed	<Future
1894-03 - 1894-05						“Legal Tender” Jacob Coxey’s Army – petition for road building (jobs)
					Pullman Strike – American Railway Union Strike – E.V. Debs	<Future
1895		Venezuela – Britain Boundary dispute			US Bond sale - handled by J.P. Morgan	Anti-Saloon League formed	<Future
1895		Cuban rebellion	E.C. Knight case	<Future		Atlanta Exposition speech – Booker T. Washington
1896			Plessy V. Ferguson	<Future
1896-11	William McKinley vs. William Jennings Bryan –Click for the issues in this election: list						Populist support for Bryan - What are the Populists’ issues.
1898-01		Cuban riot
1898-01		Battleship Maine
1898-02		de Lôme letter
1898-02		Maine explosion
1898-04		War authorized - Teller Amendment	< Caution
1898-05		Dewey in Manilla – Notice this and this list on the Spanish American War.
1898-07				Hawaii annexation – by resolution (not treaty)- WHY?
1898-11						Anti-Imperialist League formed	<Future
1899-02		Treaty ending war - Senate approval –		Guam Philippines Puerto Rico
		Filipino resistance - Emilio Aguinaldo
1899-09		Open Door - China
1900-08		Boxer Rebellion and US troops
1901		Aquinaldo capture (resistance through 1902, 1906)
1901		Renegotiate treaty (Clayton-Bulwer) - exclusive canal control	<Future
1901-03		Platt Amendment -Cuba	< Caution
1900-11	William McKinley vs. William Jennings Bryan	<Future Vice President Theodore Roosevelt

Keyword List on Business: industrial capitalists finance capitalists substantive due process and business cases<Future injunctions under Sherman Anti-trust and labor <Future Keyword List on Minorities: Carlisle Institute (PA) Keyword List on Election of 1896: “Cross of Gold” speech Mark Hanna Funding of $3.5-$4M Keyword List on Spanish American War: “Smoked Yankees” “splendid little war” Rough Riders

Keyword List on News: “yellow journalism” William Randolph Hearst – New York Journal Joseph Pulitzer – New York World Keyword List on Governmental Reform Wisconsin Republican Robert M. La Follette NY Republican Theodore Roosevelt <Future commission form of government <Future Keywords on Intellectual Trends: 1894 Wealth Against Commonwealth – Henry Demarest Lloyd<Future 1890s Pragmatism - William James <Future 1899 The School and Society – John Dewey 1899 The Theory of the Leisure Class – Thorstein Veblen

Panic of 1893 – Called the Great Depression until the one beginning in 1929 started

Quantities and the Panic of 1893: 17-19% unemployed 600 banks fail 119 railroads bankrupt 15,000 business closed 100s of millions – losses in stock market

Causes of the Panic of 1893 - McKinley Tariff (too high to buy—thus lower revenues for the government) - British bank failures (Britishers need their cash—thus sell their American investments and take gold, not paper dollars) - Government pensions (too many given out by Harrison) - Gold below $100 million, then $80 million (perceived as too little—thus too much fear) Cleveland, however, focuses on only one cause: The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890. He is wrong. Repeal of the act does not stop the depression.

Copyright C. J. Bibus, Ed.D. 2003-2012

WCJC Department:	History – Dr. Bibus
Contact Information:	281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu
Last Updated:	2012
WCJC Home:	http://www.wcjc.edu/

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[1] Name in 1899 era was International Bureau of the American Republics.
What does the root word pan mean? All of a group, such as Pan American (as shown above) or Pan-Slavism (an issue in World War I) or something widespread (such as a pandemic)

[2] The event is covered in your book, but not Dole’s name. (Where have you seen the name Dole in a grocery store?)