Tip: This Lesson was built for a group setting where members of
the class could cover the information from their individual experiences—with the
prof’s help. If you are interested in our trying Blackboard Collaborate with
this, just email me.
Caution: Do the 1st 3 Learning Quizzes before you use Lesson 1. For most students, they are better off if they use the 1st 3 Learning Quizzes before they look at the Lesson 1. Why?
· They introduce you to the vocabulary of this very different time.
· They also cover the location of the newly developed nations in 1492.
Lesson 1—unlike the other Lessons--states page numbers from The Brief American Pageant. Why? Because the information in this chapter cannot be easily found in the index, but that information is in the textbook. Lesson 1—like the other Lessons—provides a copy of the section of the Study Guide for this lesson.
Lesson 1 –Use its 3 Learning Quizzes 1st 1.
Portuguese-
plantation system and slave trade 2.
Spanish
- Christopher Columbus 3.
Columbian
Exchange 4.
Treaty
of Tordesillas (Line of Demarcation) – parts to Portugal and to Spain 5.
Spain
and the Aztecs 6.
Spain
and the encomienda system 7.
Representative
Native Americans encountered:
8.
Traits
of earliest wave of exploring nation states: 9.
Protestant
Reformation-what it was and these religions with consequences on North
America:
10.
Location
of colonization in the Americas, response to Native Americans, and who will
win:
|
About
the Eras Before the Age of Exploration a
Major
Events in the Age of Exploration
Changes
in Religion from Roman Catholicism to the Protestant Reformation
Comparing
Broad Patterns of Religion with Consequences on the English Colonies
Representative
Native Americans before Columbus arrived (thus the term Pre-Columbian)
Columbian
Exchange (A term your prof has trouble with)
Spanish
Conquistadores in the Americas
Spain
in the Americas in the Years That Follow
Major
Issues in Colonization – An Aid You Will Need
Dutch
(the name for people from The Netherlands) beginnings
English
beginnings and the end of Spanish dominance
Tip: Why all the tables (also called charts) in these Lessons? You can compare related information before your learn it and frequently you can understand it more accurately and quickly once it is in a table.
You need to recognize the past enough to notice how hard the eras are for ordinary people and the words we still use... For example, you must realize this is a different world. If you (or I) were sent back in time, the odds are you would be in a world:
· Where your birth determined your importance and safety in the world—and you could not change that status
· Where someone owns you and you get nothing for your labor except a chance to live another day
· Where you would believe in the god or the religion of your owner or your king
Do not memorize this. You do need to read with attention so you begin:
· To introduce yourself to words used here (and highlighted) that are still part of our national experience.
· To realize many people since about 1600 paid a great price for you (and me) to have a better chance today
Eras in Order |
Why You Want to Know About This |
Roman Republic |
The Merriam Webster Online
Dictionary defines a republic
as “a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens
entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law.” The Romans had Senators—a familiar word—and a republic. As its public buildings and terminology
in the Constitution reveal, the U.S. was created as a republic with its people electing
representatives who wrote the laws. |
Roman Empire – The adjective for
the era is classical. It is associated with Rome and also with Greece. |
Rome had an empire and colonies
(words that go together and that
you need to recognize because they keep showing up over time) to the late
400s AD when their empire collapsed. Empires relied on servitude (forms of forced
labor where the person is forced to work for no pay except survival for
another day). They are fine (no guilt at all) and most of the list below stays the same in each
era: ·
with slavery for those they
conquered ·
with demanding tribute and slaves
from those conquered ·
with war to take riches and raw
materials ·
with colonies
(peoples who were not Roman)
governed by the Romans to enrich the Romans ·
with government controlling
religion (If the emperor thinks he is a god, the monotheistic religions will
have difficulty in accepting they have to worship the emperor. Among the
monotheist religions are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Islam however
develops after the Roman Empire is gone.) |
Middle Ages - It is associated with
feudalism. The adjective for the period is medieval. |
Circa 500 AD to 1300 in the Italian
city states and to 1500 in England and northern Europe. They are fine (no guilt at all) and most
of the list below stays
the same in each era: ·
with slavery (those in bondage
as forced labor but could be sold anywhere) ·
with serfdom (those who were
landless and in bondage as forced labor and bound to the land and listed like
the cattle on the manor) ·
with levels of nobility who were
bound to an upper noble as subjects
or vassals (concepts you need to
think about) Key concept: Vassal or Subject (a term still in use) Tip: A subject of the king not only owed the king, but the
king owed the subject protection. We are still calling ourselves subjects of
the king until just before the revolution. ·
with land ownership determining power because land
meant people had a place to grow food and have animals for food ·
with land
being passed down to the
1st born male only (primo-geniture) so that the
estates remained large (They were not split among the sons.) ·
with the pope at Rome as the head
of the Church and with: o
Bishops and other levels o
Two paths: in a parish as
a priest or in a monastery as a monk Looking ahead: Feudalism
is attempted in the Americas by: ·
The Spanish (North, Central, and South America) ·
The
French (in Canada and the Mississippi
Valley) ·
The Dutch (in New Amsterdam) ·
The English
(in Maryland, the Carolinas, and
New York). Pause and think a
second. Feudalism’s laws about land
ownership and having any power in decisions (voting) will be applied in the
new world by the nations above in the late 1500s and early 1600s. ·
In the old world, land was scarce and people were surplus. Tip: In your changing times, you never
want to be surplus. ·
In the new world, it reversed and land was surplus and labor was scarce. In those early years in the Americas, what that shift
meant was more people had a chance. |
Renaissance - It is associated with
rebirth of the classical world (Greek and Roman) and the rise of nation-states and the rise of science. |
Circa 1300 in the Italian city
states and to 1500 in England and northern Europe. The rebirth of the classical world
means the rebirth of values of the Roman Empire. What you will have is new nation states
(Spain and Portugal initially and later England and France and the
Netherlands) rising up and trying
to create their own empires. Other traits are: · Rebirth – science, art,
(and the vision of that rebirth is Roman Empire) ·
Rise of nation-states (with a people that were
homogeneous and with a government that was sovereign) ·
Slow rise of a “middle
class” involved in trade in towns and cities |
Protestant Reformation - It is an
era of protests against the Roman Catholic Church. It begins with a few new
forms of Christianity but results in many new forms. |
1500s on with continued splintering
by the Protestant faiths through today. Nation states (notice the term)
will have not just a national language but a national religion. They will go
to war to suppress another nation’s religion or keep their own religion. They are fine (no guilt at all) and most
of the list below stays the same in each era: ·
with slavery
(those in bondage as forced labor but could be sold anywhere) ·
with serfdom
(those who were landless and in bondage as forced labor and bound to
the land and listed like the cattle on the manor) ·
with servants (those who were landless and officially free but with
limited chance of improving their condition—unless they
went to the new areas of the Americas) ·
with levels of nobility or with
individuals being born into the status of their fathers ·
with land ownership determining power because land meant people had a
place to grow food and have animals for food – with a few exceptions with the
Pilgrims and the Puritans in the new world. ·
with government
controlling religion o
With Roman Catholics believing the
head of the church is the pope at Rome o
With Protestants believing the head
of their religion is the king himself (England) or the church group’s leader |
1. European events with Spain and
Portugal
·
Portugal –
sails East and also develops:
·
the plantation system
·
the slave trade – pages 12-13
·
Spain – 1492
– the Italian Christopher Columbus sails west expecting to reach India, thus
naming the people Indians – page 14
Tip: Think about why
the Italian Columbus (and many others) were willing to sail for another
country?
2. 1494 - Treaty of Tordesillas
(also known as the Line of Demarcation) dividing the world – page 14-15
(map)—between two nations:
a. Portugal – the East
b. Spain – the West
Future:
c.
Portugal/slave
trade in east and the seller of slaves in the west (for a while)
3.
The race by the nation-states that
follows
·
1500 and
prior eras– Roman Catholicism dominant in Western Europe
·
1517 Martin
Luther and Lutherans – page 35
·
1530s King
Henry VIII and Church of England (AKA Anglican) –page 22
·
Established
church
·
John Calvin
and Calvinism –page 22
Tip: For believers in a religion and
for nation-states, religion was
a
reason:
·
To
kill each other in Europe and in the New World
·
To
try—for some nation-states--to try to convert Native Americans to their
faith
·
The
money?
·
The
church hierarchy of that faith?
·
The desires
of princes or kings for a nation-state?
·
The
implications of some religions in the New World?
Optional
and Hand-written per a student-request: content in
the 4th column of the table as a hierarchical chart—something
a student requested and I drew for him.)
Link Address:
http://www.cjbibus.com/0500BC_1650s_Religious_Splintering.jpg
· Algonquians and Iroquois in North America
·
Location
(Eastern Woodlands—where? Page 10, a map)
·
Economy
·
Government
[1]Video: A World
Apart Search Word: Iroquois Tip: This will also show Algonquians.
· Aztecs
·
Location
·
Economy
·
Government
Video: A World Transformed Search Words: Aztec and
Columbus
If you want more information about Native Americans, there is an optional resource at the bottom of this webpage. Click Ctrl-End to move there quickly.
- Exchange: crops and foods and animals (and horses)
-
Reality: 90% death rate of Native
Americans from disease -- and servitude
·
Without answers for self-testing: Major
Issues in Colonization: Comparing Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands Link Address:
http://www.cjbibus.com/1500_1700_Major_Issues_Colonization_Answers_forselftesting.htm
·
With answers for observing patterns: Completed
Table Comparing Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands Link Address:
http://www.cjbibus.com/1500_1700_Major_Issues_Colonization_Answers.htm
·
When? 1608,
with the first colony at Quebec - page 77
·
Where?
·
Role of religion
in coming to the New World? –- page 77.
·
Relationship
with the Native Americans, including in war (page 77)? coureurs
de bois (runners of the woods) – page 78
·
When?
1623-1624 at New Amsterdam - page 77
·
Where?
·
Role of
religion in coming to the New World?
page 41-42
·
When? 1585,
with the failed colony of Roanoke - page 22
·
Where?
·
Role of
religion in coming to the New World? Tip: late 1520s with
Henry VIII – page 22—and continuing divisions at home – page 23
·
Role of “sea
dogs”) – page 22
·
The shift
- 1588 defeat of the Spanish Invincible
Armada – page 23
Copyright C. J.
Bibus, Ed.D. 2003-2021 |
WCJC Department: |
History – Dr. Bibus |
Contact Information: |
281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu |
Last Updated: |
2021 |
WCJC Home: |
[1] One of two videos in the Video folder that can help you. The search words tell you how to find that content.