Caution: Do the 1st 3 Learning Quizzes before you use Lesson 1. For most students, they are better off if they use the 1st 3 Learning Quizzes before they look at the Lesson 1. Why?
· They introduce you to the vocabulary of this very different time.
· They also cover the location of the newly developed nations in 1492.
Lesson 1—unlike the other Lessons--states the page numbers from The Brief American Pageant because the information cannot be readily found in the index. It also provides background to help students with different prior experiences.
Lesson 1—like the other Lessons—provides a copy of the section of the Study Guide for this lesson.
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Lesson 1 –Use its 3 Learning Quizzes 1st 1.
Portuguese-
plantation system and slave trade 2.
Spanish
- Christopher Columbus 3.
Columbian
Exchange 4.
Treaty
of Tordesillas (Line of Demarcation) – parts to Portugal and to Spain 5.
Spain
and the Aztecs 6.
Spain
and the encomienda system 7.
Representative
Native Americans encountered:
8.
Traits
of earliest wave of exploring nation states: 9.
Protestant
Reformation-what it was and these religions with consequences on North
America:
10.
Location
of colonization in the Americas, response to Native Americans, and who will
win:
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Tip: Why all the tables (also called charts) in these Lessons? You can compare related information before your learn it and frequently you can understand it only after you put in a table.
1. Reminder about the deeper past:
·
Roman
Republic and the words republic and Senate and where you heard the word Senate before
·
Roman Empire
and the words empire, emperor/empress, imperialism, and
colony
·
Middle Ages
and the words medieval, Roman Catholic, monastery, pope, serf, noble
Caution: All had slavery. Serfdom and
slavery are both forms of servitude, but they are different.
2. How we got here – Expansion of
Europe from the Middle Ages to the Age of Exploration and—later--the Protestant
Reformation
·
From
feudalism (a term for the economic and political system in western Europe) with
serfs bound to the
land and nobles
owning that land
and passing the entirety of that land to their first-born male heir so the next
generation would remain powerful
·
To the rise
of a “middle class” and of towns and cities
·
To the
Renaissance after the 1300s and its focus on science and tools for exploration
and the rise of the
nation-state (with a people that were homogeneous
and with a government that was sovereign)
If you need help, click here for Why you need
to recognize prior eras (Link Address:
http://www.cjbibus.com/0500BC_1600sAD_Eras_and_Why_You_Want_to_Recognize_Them.htm)
You
cannot understand the period until
you realize how different these people are from today.
Examples:
·
They are fine (no guilt at all) about enslaving
people. If you were a slave, you would get no pay but instead work for enough
to survive another day and to avoid the owner’s violence against you.
·
They
are fine with torturing you and killing you if you have a different religion
from the king of the country.
3. European events with Spain and
Portugal
·
Portugal –
sails East and also develops the plantation system and the slave trade – pages 12-13
·
Spain – 1492
– the Italian Christopher Columbus sails west expecting to reach India, thus
naming the people Indians – page 14
Tip: Think about why
the Italian Columbus (and many others) were willing to sail for another
country?
4. 1494 - Treaty of Tordesillas
(also known as the Line of Demarcation) dividing the world – page 14-15
(map)—between two nations:
·
Portugal –
the East
·
Spain – the
West
The pope's division of the world with the Treaty of Tordesillas
had a practical consequence. In the east, the treaty continued the Portuguese
dominance in trading with Africa. As Native Americans died in the west, the
Portuguese became slave traders who supplied the Spanish with Africans to buy.
Other nations will take over the slave trade in later years.
5. Changes in religion from Roman
Catholicism to the Protestant Reformation.
·
1500 and
prior eras– Roman Catholicism dominant in Western Europe
·
1517 Martin
Luther and Lutherans – page 35
·
1530s King
Henry VIII and Church of England (AKA Anglican) –page 22
·
John Calvin
and Calvinism –page 22
Tip: For believers in a religion and
for nation-states, religion was a reason:
·
To
kill each other in Europe and in the New World
·
To
try—for some nation-states--to try to convert Native Americans to their
faith
These religions will splinter into different
groups. (Optional and handwritten: content in
the 4th column of the table as a hierarchical chart—something
a student requested and I drew for him.)
Link Address:
http://www.cjbibus.com/0500BC_1650s_Religious_Splintering.jpg
Tip: To understand future
events, notice:
·
Differences
between the religions in their Major Beliefs and in their Organization.
·
Which religious groups go to the English colonies
and to what part of those English colonies?
6. Representative Native Americans before Columbus arrived (thus the term Pre-Columbian)
· Algonquians and Iroquois in North America. This area is frequently called the Eastern Woodlands because it was East and had Woods (trees) and was very fertile.—Page 10 (a map). They will be part of the events later in Unit 1 with the French and the English.
· 1519 Aztecs and the Spanish conquistadores, especially Hernán Cortés—Page 14-18
If you want more information about Native Americans, there is an optional resource at the bottom of this webpage. Click Ctrl-End to move there quickly.
7. Columbian Exchange (It is an
exchange, but do notice how much the Native Americans lost in that exchange.) –
pages 13-14
8. Spain in the Americas in
the years that follow
·
You
have looked at one of the nations that will come to North America. Three more
will come. Pause for a second and click on the links to start to notice how the
4 are different and
then look at the remaining three. Comparing their traits shows you will win the
struggle for North America. Tip:
Realize how much is going on and where (Look, think, but do not
memorize.)
·
Without answers for self-testing: Major
Issues in Colonization: Comparing Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands Link Address:
http://www.cjbibus.com/1500_1700_Major_Issues_Colonization_Answers_forselftesting.htm
·
With answers for observing patterns: Completed
Table Comparing Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands Link Address:
http://www.cjbibus.com/1500_1700_Major_Issues_Colonization_Answers.htm
9. French beginnings
·
When do they
start to come? 1608, with the first colony at Quebec - page 77
·
Where in the
Americas? – See the map below this link with French areas marked. They are in
Canada and down the interior rivers, such as the Mississippi and go all the way
to New Orleans.
·
Role of
religion – The French do not let Protestants leave France to move to their new
world colonies in the beginning so their colonies in the Americas do not
grow. - page 77.
·
In the
interior, the coureurs de bois
(runners of the woods), young men who migrated, did fur trading. – page 78
Think about it: you do not
·
Relationship
with the Native Americans? Allies in war – page 77. Partners in trade -– page
78
10. Dutch (the name for people from
The Netherlands) beginnings
·
When do they
start to come? 1623-1624, with their colony at New Amsterdam - page 77
·
Where in the
Americas? – See the map below this link with Dutch colony marked.
·
Role of
religion - Protestant - religious war by Spain against the Dutch until 1648 – page 41-42
11. English beginnings
·
When do they
start to come? 1585, with the failed colony of Roanoke - page 22
·
Where in the
Americas? – See the map below this link with English colony marked. They will
be along the Atlantic seacoast
·
Role of
religion – Became Protestant in the late 1520s with Henry VIII – page 22--and
then struggles at home between the Catholics and Protestants that abated with
his daughter Elizabeth I – page 23
·
Initial action
pirates who went after Spanish shipping of gold (English term “sea dogs”) –
page 22
·
The shift
- 1588 defeat of the Spanish Invincible
Armada – page 23
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Copyright C. J.
Bibus, Ed.D. 2003-2019 |
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WCJC Department: |
History – Dr. Bibus |
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Contact Information: |
281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu |
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Last Updated: |
2019 |
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WCJC Home: |
