Cautions:
·
Do
not assume the dates are things you have to recall on a test. Dates are so you
can recognize order of events. Don’t memorize dates; think about meaning and
order.
·
Tests
do not cover all facts, but facts that are representative of major issues.
Facts that will be on the test are highlighted in yellow. To succeed, don’t memorize the facts but
figure out the whole and notice how these facts reveal differences and
similarities.
·
For
on-campus classes, the material we talk about includes facts on such issues as
demographics and the economy. There is a link to reference information provided
at the end.
·
This
content determines the course of America for at least 200 years but is usually
very hard for students.
What’s
covered on this webpage so that you can click on the link you want to go
directly to what you need:
Types of People and Servitude or
Being Free
English
History and the Early Settlement of the Colonies
Early
Colonies in the South
– c. 1607 to 1630s (Including events with Native Americans)
1607
Chesapeake Bay colony –
Virginia
1634 Chesapeake Bay colony
– Maryland
Early
Colonies in New England
c. 1620 to 1630 (Including events with Native Americans)
Splintering
from Massachusetts Bay - Roger
Williams - Rhode Island.
Splintering
from Massachusetts Bay - Anne Hutchinson
Splintering
from Massachusetts Bay – Thomas Hooker and 3 congregations form colony of
Connecticut
Remaining
New England Colonies (and Future States) c. 1629
Early New
England Colonies and Native
Americans
English History in the
Middle of the 1600s
Colonial
Events in Response to These English Events
The Middle Colonies—Between
New England and the South and Settled Later Than Both
Splintering
from New York – New Jersey
Splintering
from Pennsylvania - Delaware
The
Chesapeake (Virginia and Maryland) and Introduction of Slave Codes Beginning in the 1660s
The Carolinas – beginning in
the 1660s
Late
Events in Virginia, the Carolinas, and New England (Including Native American
Events)
1670 -1715
Carolinas and Native
Americans
1676
Virginia and Bacon’s
Rebellion—and Native
Americans
1676 New
England and the War with Native
Americans (King Phillip’s War or Metacomet)
Reference
to Demographics and Other Issues
·
Charter colony and the joint-stock corporation and shareholders
·
Proprietary colony
·
Royal colony
·
Freeman (including
free blacks)
·
Indentured servant (English and—until 1660 when the law changed—Africans. Note: Africans who had started
out as servants and
worked off their term of service became free and they were still free when the
1660 law was written.
o
Length
of time, restrictions, results at end of service
·
Slave (initially Africans and later African
Americans—Africans who were born in the Americas.)
o
Differences
between New England and South
o
Differences
between slavery as practiced in Africa and by the English
o
Differences
between slave trading
after the rising market for labor in the colonies (“middle passage”) – more
mechanized and different nations involved
o
Caution: Native Americans are also defeated by the English colonists
in war and sold in the slave trade.
·
Elizabeth
and James I and monarchs’ policies about colonies and about the religions of
settlers in the colonies
·
English
traditions (Magna Carta
and Parliament) and
the development of legislative,
elected assemblies (a pattern increased by joint-stock companies)
·
Type: Charter/joint-stock
– Virginia Company
·
Religion: Not an issue in this settlement, but
officially Church of
England (Anglicans are Christians > Protestants > members of the
Church of England.)
·
Key Figure during what is commonly called the
“starving time”: John Smith
·
Key Terms: c.
1619: headright,
tobacco, General Assembly (AKA House of
Burgesses), Africans sold into the region (some as indentured servants, some as
slaves)
·
Key Figure following bankruptcy (1625) and Virginia
becoming a royal
colony: Sir William Berkeley (arrived 1642)
·
Native
American Encounters: Initial conflict because of settlers stealing food from
Indians (John Ratcliffe incident). 1622 attack by Indians killing ¼ of
settlers; retaliation by settlers and their decimating the Indian population.
·
Type: Proprietary
·
Religion: haven for Roman Catholics – but
Protestants became more numerous (Catholics are Christians > Catholics.)
·
Key Figure: Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
·
Key Terms: small
farms granted to settlers, tobacco
Note: They first left England in 1608 to go to Holland (the Dutch) which allowed religious freedom.
·
Type: Meant to be a settlement within the Virginia Company
territory, but off course
·
Religion: Separatists (Separatists are
Christians > Protestants > Calvinists.)
Tip: Separatist –
They want to separate from the
Church of England.
·
Key Figure: William Bradford
·
Key Terms: General Court, but only church members
were members of the Court
·
Key Document: Mayflower Compact
·
Famous Phrase: “just and equal laws”
·
Native American Encounters: Settled in an Indian village
(emptied by disease)
·
Type: Charter/joint-stock
– Massachusetts Bay Company (but action with charter)
·
Religion: Puritans (Puritans are Christians
> Protestants > Calvinists.)
Established as a theocracy.
Tip: Puritan – They want
to stay in the Church of England but purify
it.
·
Key Figure: John Winthrop
·
Key Terms: General Court (an assembly) - all male church members, even those not
owning shares, were voters
·
Famous Phrase: “city upon a hill”
·
Type: Initially unchartered
·
Religion: Allows freedom of religion in the
colony
·
Key
Figure: Roger Williams, banished
by Massachusetts Bay
·
Key Terms: Governed by heads of household
·
Famous Phrases: “forced worship…stinks in God’s
nostrils”
Forcing others to have your religion – “soul rape”
Desire for land “as great a God with us English as Gold was a God with the
Spanish”
·
Other Views of Williams which Massachusetts rejected:
·
Native
Americans own their land
·
Native
Americans—and others—have the right to their own religion
·
Separation
of church and state
·
Native American Encounters: Williams purchased land from the
Indians—and did not have problems with them
Anne Hutchinson—banished following a
trial in Massachusetts, has followers but does not found a colony.
·
Similarities with Massachusetts Bay: a theocracy
·
Difference: voting not just for church members
·
Famous Phrase:
“the foundation of authority is laid, firstly, in the free consent of
the people…”
·
New
Hampshire to Captain John Mason but later a royal colony;
·
Maine
to Sir Ferdinando Gorges but later part of Massachusetts
·
Efforts
to convert and isolate Indians – “praying towns”
·
1636
– massacre (what does that word mean?) by Puritans; then Pequot War; then treaty
ending that war
Caution: The French and Dutch do not treat Native Americans as to the Spanish and the
English. Both are involved with the fur trade. (What does that tell you about
what their actions have to be?)
·
Charles
I and the Civil War and Oliver Cromwell’s Puritan Commonwealth
·
Political
positions
·
Religious
positions
·
1649
Maryland passed the Act of Toleration making belief in the trinity sufficient
to be allowed religious freedom for Catholics – The Catholics are trying to
protect their own religious freedom.
·
1654
Maryland, now dominated by Puritans, ended that protection for Catholics.
·
End
of the Puritan Commonwealth and Restoration of the dead king’s son (Charles II)
·
Political
positions and a safe focus for the monarchy
·
Religious
positions
Initially colony of The Netherlands – many ethnic groups, many
religions. Attacked by English.
·
Type:
Proprietary
·
Religion: Very diverse, including Jews (small group)
·
Key Figure: King’s brother James, Duke of York
(and thus renamed New York)
·
Type:
Proprietary - a gift from the Duke of York to two friends, one being a
native of the isle of Jersey (thus named New Jersey)
Note Sylvania means
woods—thus Penn’s woods.
·
Type: Proprietary, but freemen (those
paying taxes, owning property) elected council and assembly
·
Religion:
open to most but a haven for members of the Society of Friends, or Quakers (Quakers are
Christians > Protestants>Church of England—rejection of.) – Cruelly
persecuted.
·
Key Figure:
William Penn
·
Key Terms: egalitarian (male and female),
pacifists, no church hierarchy
·
Famous Phrases: “tremble at the word of the Lord”
and belief in the “Inner Light”
·
Native
American Encounters:
Penn purchased
land from the Indians—and did not have problems with them for 50 years
1704 – Chose its own legislature
(governor was the same as Pennsylvania)
·
We will
discuss the Primaries related to this. They are in Lesson 2.
Carolinas is
the Latin word for Charles II, the current king. 1 colony but divided between
North Carolina and South
Carolina in 1712. Both became royal colonies later.
·
Type: Proprietary
·
Religion: religions freedom (unless from Rhode
Island)
·
Key Terms: Barbados (where many came from); headrights, rice, shipbuilding
materials (like tar)
Caution: The colony will follow the
Barbados pattern with slaves and will have a high concentration of slaves
compared to whites and will by the 1730s have a slave rebellion.
The colony is
named Georgia for King George II, the current king.
·
Type: proprietary with 21 trustees
·
Religion: Not an issue in this colony
·
Key Figure: James Oglethorpe
·
Key Terms: buffer colony, a colony for what
they called the “worthy poor.” Initially no slaves, no rum, and small plots of
land.
50,000 Native Americans sold into slavery by English settlers.
Situation
in 1676:
·
Large planters had bought up lands except for inland.
·
¼ of free white men in Virginia were landless. As Governor Berkeley noted, they were “poor,
indebted, discontented and armed.”
Conflicts
at multiple
levels:
·
Native
Americans against the landless
·
Wealthy planters against landless servants, small farmers, and even slaves
·
Berkeley (royal governor) against Bacon (leader of the
rebellion)
·
Berkley (and the trade with the Indians for deerskin)
against Bacon (leader of those who wanted land)
Native Americans were reduced
to poverty and the fur trade gone. In the war, they lacked food and ammunition.
This
war killed—proportionally—incredible numbers of people, with some historians
stating it killed more people than any conflict in America since then.
· 1662 – “Half-way” covenant
· 1691 - Was made a royal colony--Includes required toleration of religious dissenters having to tolerate other religions (such as Quakers)
· 1692 - Salem
Notes about English History after 1689—but they
do not change the events on the prior webpages
·
Charles
II dies. His brother James II becomes king—and had a Catholic 2nd
wife and Catholic baby and he is no longer king. This is the Glorious Revolution and
Parliament has more power. Tip: The ideas justifying this revolution are the used to
justify the American Revolution.
·
In
1714, the last of the available English kings dies and the nearest blood kin
are German, the Hanovers—thus George I, II, and III. . Tip: George III is the king at the time of
the American Revolution
·
Political
positions and the limited focus for the
monarchy
·
Religious
position – Any English king or queen must be a Protestant.
Comparison
Tables for Provincial America (the provinces of Great Britain) - These tables make it possible to
compare reference information on the colonial sections.
|
Copyright
C. J. Bibus, Ed.D. 2003-2018 |
|
WCJC Department: |
History – Dr. Bibus |
|
Contact Information: |
281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu |
|
Last Updated: |
2018 |
|
WCJC Home: |