----------------------------------------- Lesson 4 – Use its Learning Quiz on the 1800-1860
Map 1st. 13.
Removal
of the Native Americans over time from the North and from the South to west
of the Mississippi 14.
Transformation
of the Supreme Court over time a. Marbury
v. Madison and
judicial review b. Chief Justice John Marshall, 1801-1835 and his
decisions (corporations, power of the national government over the states) 15.
Development
of sectional differences between the four sections: Northeast, Northwest,
Southeast, and Southwest (with the eastern sections being the original
colonies). Notice such things as whether urban/rural, use slaves (or not),
have immigrants (or not), have factories (or not), have worn out land (or
not), and transportation and internal improvements. 16.
Immigration
and rise of nativism as a political party a. Irish mainly to Northeast, type of work, their
religion b. Germans mainly to new Northwest, type of work 17.
Developing
technology and economy in the North and wealth but lack of diversification in
the South a. Cotton gin, inventor and role in the westward
expansion of slavery b. Cotton textile mills, Lowell Mills in New England
(but British textile mills were the major purchasers of Southern cotton) c. New internal improvements in transportation
mainly in the North—canals, turnpikes (toll roads), and later the railroad. d. New means of transportation such as Conestoga
wagons, steamboats, steamships, clipper ships e.
New
agricultural machinery, such as Deere plow, McCormick reaper |
With Lesson 4, it is all about change:
Northeast
and Northwest: Economy and Transportation and How the North Became 1- Use the Yellow
Southeast
and Southwest: Economy and Transportation
- Use the Yellow
Just
a Thought Question to Carry Forward to Unit 3 < Which Section Can Fight a
Prolonged War?
Native
Americans Who Were in North and South – Use the
Yellow
Notice the difference between the Northeast and the Northwest and what changes because of it: New lands had 4 X productivity of old land. Also both Northeast and Northwest had invention and technology.
Issue |
Pre-1800 |
Circa
1800 |
Circa
1820 |
Circa
1840 and Beyond |
Economy – Northeast |
Old
lands had low productivity compared to new. Farmers became surplus labor. Most
students recognize that value goes down when you are surplus (and up when you
are scarce). |
Textile factories – Raw cotton from the South Young women and families work in
nearby factories. |
Continues with more factories developing Continues with farming being for
local cities In the future, Irish (poor) immigrants
to coastal cities usually become cheap factory workers living in crowded
slums. |
All these things will continue and
the Northeast focuses on manufacturing using technology and—although
not covered on this page—finance and trade. |
Economy – Northwest |
New
lands (New lands had 4 X productivity of old land.) |
Sold to Northeast and world |
Continues; use farming technology,
not slavery In the future, German immigrants to
what is now the Midwest to buy farms |
All these things will continue and
the Northwest focuses on
large farms and technology as the labor source. |
Transportation North & internal improvements! |
Rivers & Ports |
Rivers & roads - turnpikes |
Canals connecting Northwest with
Northeast and from New York City to the world |
The Northwest and the Northeast
are becoming 1. |
Notice the difference between the Southeast and the
Southwest and what changes because of it: New lands had 4 X productivity of old
land. Unlike the North, the only famous technology is the cotton gin:
·
Invented by Yankee Eli Whitney on a
visit to the South
·
A very simple machine that could be
used by slave labor—The cotton gin revives slavery, an institution which was
expected to die.
Issue |
Pre-1800 |
Circa
1800 |
Circa
1820 |
Circa
1840 and Beyond |
Economy – Southeast |
Old
land – slaves surplus
labor but cotton gin revives slavery |
Begins Southeast slaves sold to Southwest - forced
migration |
Continues Southeast slaves sold to Southwest & Texas
- forced migration |
All these things will continue and
the Southeast remains less wealthy but remains agricultural. |
Economy – Southwest |
-- |
New
land & global market crop |
Cotton – Sold to the North and to
Britain |
The Southerners focus on “King Cotton”—with the South being the nation’s chief exporter. |
Transportation- South |
Rivers |
Rivers |
Steamboats on Miss. River Steamships to Liverpool |
The Southwest and the Southeast
becoming 1 with Britain. |
Which section—the North or the South—is better equipped to fight a prolonged war? You will find information to help you answer that question.
Issue |
Pre-1800 |
Circa
1800 |
Circa
1820 |
Circa
1840 and Beyond |
Native Americans in the North |
Had been forced West of
Appalachians. |
Had been forced West of the Mississippi
River by W.H. Harrison, the military hero over the Indians at the battle of
Tippecanoe (and later President). The War of 1812 also meant losses because
they sided with the British in hopes of getting land back. |
-- |
-- |
Native Americans in the South |
Had been forced West of Appalachians. |
5 Civilized Tribes. Example: The Cherokee had a written
language, a constitution, clothing and housing similar to their neighbors—and
as Southerners they even had slaves |
1830s – The Cherokee sued in cases that
went to the Supreme Court, but they forced in a forced march West of the Mississippi
River into the Oklahoma. The forced march was called the “Trail of Tears” because of the fatalities. |
-- |
Issue |
Pre-1800 |
Circa
1800 |
Circa
1820 |
Circa
1840 and Beyond |
Supreme Court review |
Established but weak |
Marshall in Marbury v.
Madison sets the precedent of judicial review. This is complex but the issue is
that Marshall orders him not to do something he doesn’t want to do. # |
In the 1830s, they rule in favor
of the Cherokee keeping their land, but Congress and Andrew Jackson ignores
the cases. |
When Marshall dies, Jackson
appoints Justice Taney who was less interested in corporate power |
Supreme Court power |
Established but weak |
Cases pro-national power, pro-corporations |
Central until Marshall’s death |
The protections of the cases
continue in our laws. |
# If
you order someone NOT to do something they don’t want to do, you haven’t proved
anything about your power.
@ If you order
someone to do something they don’t want to do, then we know your (lack of)
power.
1.
1800-1835 - Chief
Justice John Marshall, the Chief Justice appointed by the last
Federalist President, John Adams in 1800 during the lame duck period
If you want more information, click here for here for more power to the national
government, to the Supreme Court, and to corporations and contracts
Two cases
·
Marbury v. Madison established judicial review (in part
because the executive branch was ordered to do what it planned to do anyway)
·
How review by the court was handled by the executive branch (Andrew
Jackson’s administration) regarding the Cherokee: There are 2 Supreme Court decisions in favor
of the Cherokees, in 1830 and 1832, Cherokee
Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v.
Georgia. They do not have a consequence, however, because the executive
branch ignores the cases and the Court and Congress wants the Cherokee out.
Copyright C. J.
Bibus, Ed.D. 2003-2020 |
WCJC Department: |
History – Dr. Bibus |
Contact Information: |
281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu
|
Last Updated: |
2020 |
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