Lesson 4 – Use its 2 Learning Quizzes 1st.

18.   Major trends in English government and economy:

·         Mercantilism by England (and Spain and others) and taxes to regulate trade

·         Parliament and prime minister (and the Cabinet)

·         French and Indian War, consequences on colonists and consequences of crushing English debt and its need of more taxes to pay bills

19.   Proclamation of 1763 as barrier to what areas that colonists wanted and why (Use the map.)

20.   1763 and beyond – King George III tries to reestablish the power of the king

21.   Major events, people, and documents in the American Revolution

·         Stamp Act and how it worked

·         Stamp Act Declaration and its key principle (Use the primary.)

·         Boston Tea Party – why this tax, whose property was the tea

·         Sons of Liberty - who

·         Coercive Acts – what

·         Lord North’s Conciliatory Proposition

·         Olive Branch Petition by the Continental Congress

·         Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

·         Declaration of Independence, major positions and its major target (Use the primary.)

 

Seeing the Revolution through 1776 - Bright yellow highlights new and related, prior terms, pink for a new prime minister, and blue used for boycott. Endnotes provide explanations if needed. The 4s and 3s in the pale yellow rows (or light blue if a 2nd event) show who started an event and the 5s show the consequences.

 


 

Indians

French Colonies

Spanish Colonies

British Colonies

British

Kings

British Government

British Regulation

Colonial Governments

Religion

Interests - North

Interests  - South

Land Hunger

The Press

Other

Intercolonial Communication

> 

 

 

 

 

> 

 

Woodland Indians,

Iroquois Confed­eration and a balance of power

 

Rivers, feudal land-holding,

centralized government, intermingling with Indians

Florida as a buffer to English in Georgia

Atlantic, not feudal land-holding, de-centralized government,

separate from Indians

1600–1689 alternating pro-Catholic, pro-Protestant rulers and religious and political struggles

Rejection by the English (with the killing of a king) of the idea of divine right of kings

Navigation Acts of the 1600s and acts in the 1700s -mercantile[1] regulation, not revenue.

Colonies established as havens for different religions, and going their own way by English neglect.

Colonies sensitive to threats to their religions

Navigation Acts, benefiting the developing merchant class and its infra-structure

Navigation Acts, keeping out competing buyers

Among the many examples, Bacon’s Rebellion (1676).

 

Powerful colonial interest in news-papers

 

 

Communications are primarily colony to Britain, not colony to colony.

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

5

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

5

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

6

8

9

+

 

 

 

 

 

Declaration of Rights with Glorious Revolution. John Locke and views of the Enlightenment.

 

Response to the Glorious Revolution. Spread of the Enlightenment and its principles.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

7

1

4

 

 

 

 

Succession by Hanovers (German), not acting like kings until George III.

Development of new form of government Cabinet government with a prime minister[2].

 

More colonies become royal, but colonial legislatures maintain control over “power of the purse” (to tax)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Virtual representation[3].

 

Actual representation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wars for empire (1689-1748), with colonial outbreaks[4].

 

 

British focus on these wars and the goals of empire

Perpetuation of the British letting the colonies go their own way.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zenger case (1735)

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

5

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

7

5

4

 

French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Albany Plan[5]

 

Treaty of Paris bringing victory and problems to solve – and those Solutions will be ones from a British perspective worldwide. Problems include:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

7

6

3

Problem: Indians to govern

Problems: French colonists and lands to govern. (doubles British territory).

Problem: Spanish Floridas to govern.

Problem: Increased British–colonist distrust.

 

Problem: Massive British debt (doubles the amount of national debt in 1754).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

George III tries to reestablish the power of the king.

New British Prime Minister -the king’s man - George Grenville

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

7

6

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

Solution to Land and Indians: Proclamation Line of 1763.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

3 4

 

 

5

5

5

 

 

 

1

7

6

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

Solutions to Debt: Sugar Act.- change to a tax for revenue

 

 

Boycott[6] of British goods begins.

 

 

 

 

FYI: initially in Northern colonies, boycott spreads because it works so well.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

1

7

6

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quartering Act

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stamp Act- a traditional tax for revenue in England.[7]

Currency Act

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sons of Libertyintimid-ation.

Stamp Act Congress – and boycott.taxed by their own representatives

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

5

 

5

5

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

3

1

7

6

6

 

 

 

 

 

New British prime minister

Repeal the Declaratory Act.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

New British prime minister

Disbanding of New York assembly

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Boycott agreements continue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

5

 

5

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

1

7

6

7

 

 

 

 

 

 

Solution to Debt and the Protest: Townshend duties and their external taxes (at the port) but still for revenue …[8]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Boycott agreements continue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

5

 

5

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

7

7

0

 

 

 

 

 

New British prime minister (Lord North)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revere pamphlet

Boston Massacre[9]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

34

5

1

7

7

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Committees of Correspondence.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

5

5

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tea Act

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Broadened support for boycott.

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

4

 

 

5

5

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Boston Tea Party

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

1

7

7

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

Intolerable (Coercive) Acts[10]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Boycott intensifies.

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

5

 

5

5

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

Solution to French lands and colonists: Quebec Act

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

September - 1st Continental Congress.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

5

5

5

5

5

 

 

5

1

7

7

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Feb -Conciliatory Proposals.[11]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4????

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5???

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

April-Lexington and Concord

 

 

July - Olive Branch Petition[12]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

34

3

1

7

7

6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jan -Thomas PaineCommon SenseBlames the king

 

 

Jefferson/others[13].

July –Declaration of Independence- blames the king; asserts rights of “life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness,” and claims powers that “Independent States may of right do.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

34

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


How to Use This Study Tool: An Example

This example show how to use the arrows to think about interconnections: The first use shows an 4 under “Navigation Acts of the 1600s…” and then an 5 under both the “Interests – North” and “Interests - South” because both North and South were changed by this policy.

 

 

 

Copyright C. J. Bibus, Ed.D. 2019

 

WCJC Department:

History – Dr. Bibus

Contact Information:

281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu

Last Updated:

2019

WCJC Home:

http://www.wcjc.edu/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



[1] Mercantile regulation is also called mercantilism. Under mercantilism, taxes were not intended to provide money to the government, but to regulate trade.

[2] This is new form of government that evolves because the new king from Germany neither spoke English nor was accustomed to English politics. The leader of the political party that won in Parliamentary elections became the leader of the executive branch.  The person’s title was (and still is) prime minister. He (or she in this century) held office until his party lost the elections, and then the leader of the winning political party became the new prime minister.
That is why there are so many instances in the chronology of the words “New prime minister.”

[3] William Pitt, the highly successful prime minister during the Seven Years War, called Grenville’s view of virtual representation as “the most contemptable idea that ever entered into the head of a man.”

[4] The URL for this link is http://www.cjbibus.com/1739_1763_Wars_for_Empire.htm

[5] For colony-wide dealing with the Indians, proposed by Benjamin Franklin but not approved by any colony.

[6] This uses the word boycott for the non-importation measures taken by the colonists; however, the word boycott was not coined until the 1880s. Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary states: “[after Charles C. Boycott., English estate manager in Ireland, against whom nonviolent coercive tactics were used in 1880.”

[7] A traditional tax in England, the British did not expect a problem. The Stamp Act, however, was a shock to the colonists for several reasons. Unlike prior taxes, it was not about trade at the port. It was collected in the colony, a new event. It also offended many classes of people. It required a stamp (embossed in a document) as proof that the colonist had paid the appropriate tax. For example, those colonists who loved their newspapers resented the required stamp, and those with money resented a stamp to show that a tax was paid on sale of lands. Not paying that tax could result in forfeiture.

[8] The plan called for the revenue to fund governors—thus making them no longer dependent on colonial legislatures.

[9] Caution about the word massacre. It is the killing of innocents. Don’t assume.

[10] These are the Coercive Acts (to force)

·         Boston Port Act – Closed port until Boston pays

·         Quartering Act – Required local payment for quarters (places to stay, food, candles) for British soldiers

·         Massachusetts Government Act –Government would not be elected by the local people, but appointed by the English government

·         Town meetings (traditional local government in New England) required the governor’s consent.

[11] Lord North and his Conciliatory Proposition – an offer to end taxes if a colony pays the salary of own governor and for own defense

[12] The Continental Congress and its Olive Branch Petition - An olive branch is a symbol of trying to make peace. - The George III’s response, however, was that the colonists were “open and avowed enemies.”

[13] Jefferson is the famous author of the Declaration of Independence, but he is not alone. Also the Congress revises his draft as well. Use the primary in Lesson 4 to recognize the main parts of the Declaration—its appeal to Enlightenment principles, its criticism of George III, and—to simplify—its divorce decree from the British empire.