Great Depression to the New Deal to the New Challenges in the World

Lesson 3 and Uses Its Learning Quiz--------------------------

19. The 1920s & Europe- Capitalism; Fascism (Germany, Italy, Japan); Communism (USSR, later China); youth

20. 1930s (Great Depression) Presidents & Major Issues

· Causes of the “Crash” and the Great Depression

· Herbert Hoover (Rep), 1928-1932, March—Most known for response to “crash,” debt-reparations cycle, & Bonus March

· 25% unemployed, business stopped, teachers not paid, houses foreclosed, runs on the banks

· Franklin D. Roosevelt/FDR (Dem) 1932-1936, 1936-1940, 1940-1944, 1944-1945

- March 1933-1^st 100 days-National bank holiday

- Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

- Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

- Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)

- 1936 shift-Social Security Act, Fair Labor Standards Act
(Note: Father Coughlin, F. Townsend, Huey Long)

21. 1930s (Great Depression) foreign policy Presidents Hoover & FDR Good Neighbor Policy; Hoover, non-recognition of aggression

1. Brief background on fascism and communism

Tip: Notice the Learning Quizzes in this Lesson.

· Fascism

o 1920s Italy – Mussolini (“Il Duce”) and Black Shirts

o 1920s Germany – Hitler (Führer)– Nazi (National Socialist German Workers) – Aryans (with hatred for Jews, Gypsies, Poles) -1933 Becomes Chancellor

o Officially against communism

· Communism in Russia

o 1918 – Lenin

o Late 1920s – Stalin

2. 1928-1932 – Herbert Hoover, inheritor of the Great Crash

· 1928-1932 – Voluntarism, a Progressive tradition

· 1931 Moratorium on debt/reparations cycle

· 1931 Hawley Smoot Tariff

· 1932 (the election year) – Shift with the Emergency Relief and Construction Act

· The “holiday” movements

· 1932 Bonus March

3. The Election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

Click here for the chronology of Hoover’s term with highlights through March 1933. Link Address: http://www.cjbibus.com/1928_1933_Hoover_to_FDRoosevelt.htm

Click here for depression problems compared with the New Deal solutions. Link Address: http://www.cjbibus.com/1929-1937_GreatDep_Problems_NewDeal_Solutions_WITHANSWERS.htm

Tip: click here for a printable PDF of this file. Link Address: http://www.cjbibus.com/1929-1937_GreatDep_Problems_NewDeal_Solutions_WITHANSWERS_Printable.pdf

(Depending on your browser, the links may not work in the pdf version.)

4. Second New Deal – what makes it happen

· Huey Long

· Francis Townsend

· Father Charles E. Coughlin

5. Second New Deal – what changes

· Unemployed – WPA

· Labor – Wagner Act plus General Motors “sit-down” strike in 1938 (This 1937 strike is by an industrial union—one made up of both skilled and unskilled workers.)

· Aged and disabled – Social Security Act

· Taxing the rich

· Court-packing plan – It fails because of the American people; it succeeds indirectly.

6. Caution: Not all suffering is the same in the Great Depression. Human consequences vary:

· By 1932, 25% out of work – homeless, hungry, relief (charity for essential survival) running out of money, people stopping courts from foreclosing on property (think of Shays’s rebellion)

· Worse for working women

· Worse for minorities

o African Americans (layoffs) – racism - Eleanor. Roosevelt – some programs

o Mexicans (forced deportation of them and their children)

o Asians (loss of farm labor jobs)

· Worse for regions hit by dust bowl - Okies

· Worse for farmers – Farmers Holiday Association

· Worse for vets – Bonus March

7. Foreshadowing of World War II

· 1931 Japan invades Manchuria

· 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia

· 1936 Germany reoccupies the Rhineland

· 1936 Germany, Italy mutual defense pact

· 1936 Spanish Civil War – practice with the new weapons and methods

· 1937 Panay incident Japan in China

· 1938 Germany takes Sudetenland/Munich – Chamberlain

· 1938 Kristallnacht (night of broken glass)

WCJC Department:	History – Dr. Bibus
Contact Information:	281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu
Last Updated:	2020
WCJC Home:	http://www.wcjc.edu/