Seizing an American Empire (Key Events That Continue Today)

Lesson 4-------------------------------------------------------------
Use the 2 map quizzes.

17.  The shift to colonies off the continent

·         Manifest destiny, racism, imperialism

·         Alfred Thayer Mahon, Influence of Sea Power

·         Yellow journalism, Pulitzer and Hearst

18.  Hawaii, coup by Sanford Dole, annexation

19.  Spanish colony of Cuba

·         Events: The Maine, Rough Riders

·         and the Teller Amendment

·         and the Platt Amendment (and Guantanamo)

20.  Territories gained from Spanish American War

·         Philippines (Anti-Imperialist League), Guam

·         Puerto Rico

21.  China- Open Door Policy and John Hayes

 

 

 

Color coding in Chronologies to help you spot changes:

<Future

Something that continues to ripple in time—and including to your current one

Pink

China

Dark Grey

Hawaii/Pacific (including Alaska)

Light Grey

Latin America/Caribbean

 

Background in the United States and World Imperialism

  1. Before the Civil War, the United States had “manifest destiny,” Texas annexation, and the Mexican War and the subsequent Mexican territories gained to the West Coast. 
  2. Before the Civil War and after it, the US had racism toward African Americans and had anti-immigrant (nativism) responses to the Irish and others.
  3. Since the late 1400s, European nation-states created colonies in the Americas, the Caribbean, and the Far East—but not Africa.
    What is a colony?
  4. In the late part of the 1800s, European nation (and Japan) made one last race for empire. (See the map of imperialism in 1900.) This imperialistic push included 2 newcomers:
    • Germany
    • United States

Background: 1860s - Alaska – Seward’s “Folly” (but later gold and oil)

19

Date

Presidential Election

Beyond America

 

1865-04

A. Johnson, President

 

 

1867-02

 

Russia, Alaska as willing sale; bribes

 

 

Chronological Events of the 1887-1896 Era

 

19

Date

Presidential Election

Beyond America

Gov. Institutions

US Land

US Economy

Issue/Organization

Political Party

 

1882

 

 

Chinese Exclusion Act – 10 year

 

 

 

 

 

1887-02

 

Hawaii-US treaty renewed & sugar

 

 

 

 

 

1888-11

Benjamin Harrison v. Grover Cleveland

 

 

 

 

 

 

1889-04

 

 

 

Oklahoma Land Rush

 

Hull House– Jane Addams

 

1890

 

 

Sherman Anti-Trust

Wounded Knee, South Dakota

McKinley Tariff & sugar in Hawaii

<Future

> 

1890

 

A.T. Mahan - The Influence of Sea Power on History

<Future

Census Bureau: end of frontier

<Future

 

 

 

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

 

1892

 

 

Chinese – new 10 year extension

 

 

 

 

> 

1892-01

 

Coup, Hawaii – Sanford B. Dole,[i]

elected President; US minister to Hawaii declaration of US protectorate

Ellis Island opens

<Future

 

Homer A. Plessy, case begins

 

> 

1892-02

 

Hawaii annexation treaty proposed

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1892-11

Benjamin Harrison v. Grover Cleveland v. James B. Weaver

 

 

 

 

 

Panic of 1893

 

 

> 

1893-03

Cleveland’s decision

Hawaii investigation

 

 

 

 

 

 

1893-08

Cleveland, special session -Why?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1893-11

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sherman Silver Purchase Act -repeal

 

 

> 

1893-12

Cleveland’s decision

Hawaii annexation treaty not submitted

 

 

 

 

 

> 

1894

 

Republic of Hawaii recognized

 

 

Pullman Strike – American Railway Union Strike – E.V. Debs

“Legal Tender” Jacob Coxey’s Army – petition for road building (jobs)

 

1895

 

 

 

US Bond sale - handled by J.P. Morgan

Atlanta Exposition[ii] speech – Booker T. Washington

<Future  

 

1895

 

Cuban rebellion

<Future

 

 

 

1896

 

 

Plessy V. Ferguson

<Future

 

 

 

 

 

Chronological Events of the 1896-1901 Era

 

19

Date

Presidential Election

Beyond America

Gov. Institutions

US Land

Issue/Organization

Political Party

 

1896-11

William McKinley vs. William Jennings Bryan –Issues in this election: list

 

 

 

 

Populist support for Bryan - What are the Populists’ issues.

> 

1898-01

 

Cuban riot

 

 

 

 

> 

1898-028-01

 

Battleship Maine

 

 

News and the war

 

 

1898-02

 

Maine explosion

 

 

 

 

> 

 

1898-04

 

War authorized with the Teller Amendment

< Caution US can’t take Cuba

 

 

 

 

> 

1898-05

 

Dewey in Manilla – Notice this and this list on the Spanish American War and its images

 

 

 

 

> 

1898-07

 

 

 

Hawaii annexation – by joint resolution (not treaty)- WHY?

 

 

> 

1898-11

 

 

 

 

Anti-Imperialist League formed- key issue will be the Philippines  

<Future

> 

1899

 

Treaty ending war - Senate approval

 

Notice Cuba is not in this list > 

Guam

Philippines

Puerto Rico

 

 

> 

 

 

Filipino resistance - Emilio Aguinaldo

 

 

<Caution “

 

> 

> 

1899

 

Open Door – China - trade

 

Annexation

- Wake Island

- Eastern Samoa Islands- US splits Samoa with Germany

 

 

 

1900-08

 

Boxer Rebellion and US troops

 

 

 

 

> 

1901

 

Aquinaldo capture (resistance through 1902, 1906) – end military rule; Taft, governor.

 

 

<Caution “

 

> 

1901-03

 

Platt Amendment –Cuba - Guantanamo and our right to intervene

< Notice US indirectly took Cuba

 

 

 


 

 

Keywords to Help You

Keyword List on Business:

industrial capitalists

finance capitalists

 

Keyword List on Election of 1896:

“Cross of Gold” speech

Mark Hanna

Funding of $3.5-$4M

 

 

Keyword List on News:

yellow journalism”

William Randolph Hearst – New York Journal

Joseph Pulitzer – New York World

 

Keyword List on Spanish American War:

“Smoked Yankees” – name for African Americans (not in the test, but a clue to the world)

“splendid little war”

Rough Riders

 

Panic of 1893 Called the Great Depression until the one beginning in 1929 started

Quantities and the Panic of 1893:

17-19% unemployed

    600 banks fail

    119 railroads bankrupt

15,000 business closed

100s of millions – losses in stock market

Causes of the Panic of 1893

-       McKinley Tariff (too high to buy—thus lower revenues for the government)

-       British bank failures (Britishers need their cash—thus sell their American investments and take gold, not paper dollars)

-       Government pensions (too many given out by Harrison)

-       Gold below $100 million, then $80 million (perceived as too little—thus too much fear)

 

Cleveland, however, focuses on only one cause: The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890.

He is wrong. Repeal of the act does not stop the depression.

 

 

Copyright C. J. Bibus, Ed.D. 2003-2018

 

WCJC Department:

History – Dr. Bibus

Contact Information:

281.239.1577 or bibusc@wcjc.edu

Last Updated:

2018

WCJC Home:

http://www.wcjc.edu/

 

 

 



[i] Where have you seen the name Dole in a grocery store?

[ii] W.E.B. Du Bois calls it the Atlanta Compromise – given American history and what events we have labeled as a Compromise, not a compliment..