For dictionary definitions for these key terms, you
can find them beneath this link.
1.
African people in
servitude from 1620s to about 1660 with their condition after 1660.
The readings
for this comparison topic are:
Areas in Time Order |
What You Read |
What to Observe and How to Pay Attention to
Terms |
African
people in servitude from 1620s to about 1660 |
Chapter
2: “Africans in Early Virginia.” |
What
varied things happened to Africans
sold in early Virginia? Term:
servant, see its use in Chapter 2:
“Tobacco Boom.” |
African
people in servitude after 1660 |
Chapter
3: “Systems of Slavery in North America.” Focus on the beginning of this
section. Do not read about slavery
outside of the South. |
How
did laws in the 1660s change what happened to Africans and African Americans
in Maryland and Virginia?
|
2.
English people in
servitude from 1620s to about 1660 with their condition from the 1660s through
Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676.
The readings
for this comparison topic are:
Areas in Time Order |
What You Read |
What to Observe and How to Pay Attention to
Terms |
English
people in servitude from 1620s to about 1660 |
Chapter
2: “Tobacco Boom” and “The Colony Expands”
Chapter
3: “War in the Chesapeake”—but only for content about the years before about 1660. |
How
did availability of land at the end of their service change for English
servants from early settlement to the 1660s? Term:
English servant or indentured
servants in some locations is English
servants—that is, from England. |
English
people in servitude from the 1660s through Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676. |
Chapter
3: “War in the Chesapeake”—but only for content about the years after about 1660. |
What
did the investigation say about these events and what happens to landless
freemen? What happens about the slave trade and the planters (the owners of
land)? The textbook makes some powerful statements at the end of that section.
Notice carefully. Term:
freemen and landless freemen – English servants who had completed their term
of service, with some having no land in return for their promised years of
labor |
3. For the period after 1660, African people in servitude
with English people in servitude. When talking about the English people in
servitude be sure to cover what happens after Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676.
Tip: this is the
hardest one because you have to understand both
of their earlier periods as well.
The readings
for this comparison topic are:
Areas in Time Order |
What You Read |
What to Observe and How to Pay Attention to
Terms |
African
people in servitude after 1660 |
Chapter
3: “Systems of Slavery in North America.” Focus on the beginning of this
section. Do not read about slavery
outside of the South. |
How
did laws in the 1660s change what happened to Africans and African Americans
in Maryland and Virginia?
|
English
people in servitude from the 1660s through Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676. |
Chapter
3: “War in the Chesapeake”—but only for content about the years after about 1660. |
What
did the investigation say about these events and what happens to landless
freemen? What happens about the slave trade and the planters (the owners of
land)? The textbook makes some powerful statements at the end of that section.
Notice carefully. Term:
freemen and landless freemen – English servants who had completed their term
of service, with some having no land in return for their promised years of
labor |
Students fail at understanding history because they
start writing before they have read enough and even tried to figure things out.
The remaining things on this webpage cover where students have frequently
misunderstood.
Caution: There is a difference in labor (something most of us have to do for
our daily bread and a roof over our heads) and forced labor. With forced
labor:
|
The content and the
quotations in the second column on Slavery in Africa of the table at the
bottom of this link are from the 3rd edition. To see that page,
click here. (It is also
used with a reading example provided in the Good Habits for Evidence link (next
to the last page from the Rubric with Links or directly by
clicking here).
This link also shows an example of how I label in the
margins any words I have to do
something with—including explain the content to another person. I was taught to
do this kind of marking years ago by a community college professor. Although I
marked this page very quickly, it is shows two basic principles of any
information where you have to do
something:
1) Read once, but mark the facts with labels so you
can:
2) When you use
your marked text, you not only save time but also begin to understand it better
and catch your own mistakes.
In the textbook, the phrase
used for indentured servants in some locations is English servants. What’s the word indentured mean with the word servant?
Merriam Webster Online explains it is “a person who signs and is bound by
indentures to work for another for a specified time especially in return for
payment of travel expenses [like a trip across the Atlantic Ocean to Virginia]
and maintenance [like something to eat and a roof over your head].” To sign a document indicates the signer is a
free person who agrees to the terms of the indenture. What’s an indenture? “to divide (a document) so as to produce sections with irregular
edges that can be matched for authentication.” Think of it this way: when you
tear paper, the ragged edge is unique.
Notice these things:
·
Column 1 – There
was servitude before it occurred in the Americas
·
Column 2 – There
was servitude in Africa before the slave trade—but their slavery was different.
·
Below Column 2 in
blue – The Portuguese created two new systems that
spread to the new world. Notice them both.
·
Column 3 – In the
Americas, the English were not alone in trying servitude. The Spanish tried two
forms of servitude in the Americas. Notice them both.
·
Columns 4, 5, and
6 – You can and should try to read the materials for these columns and fill
them in on your own. Click here for a version you can download.
Click here to
compare your answers with your instructor’s. Compare your meaning only. Do not
worry about matching the exact words.
·
Column 7 – You
need to read this content on your own, but the points listed may help you.
·
Column 6 and 7 -
The Notice
statements in blue. Look at
the numbers. Don’t get fantasies about slavery. Notice how few slaves there
are. It is white indentured (servitude for a period of years) who are the
labor.
In the table, the content and
the quotations on Slavery in Africa
are from the 3rd edition,
which has a few more details. To see the page, click here.
This link provides
the page numbers where you can find these headings in the 3rd
and 4th paperback editions.
If you need help finding the
pages in other editions, just ask.